Fig. 4

Binding of carbohybrid 12 and paclitaxel to P. falciparum tubulin. a Figure showing in silico docking of the carbohybrid 12 (brown) to the α,β-heterodimer of tubulin. P. falciparum tubulin 3D model depicts dimer of alpha (blue) and beta (green) subunit. Paclitaxel binding site (purple) is present on beta tubulin subunit. b Drug combination assay showing the effect of carbohybrid 12 on parasite growth in combination with paclitaxel or both of the drugs alone. Upper and lower panels represent growth patterns of parasites treated with these compounds individually and in combination, for 72 h and for 96 h, respectively. Concentrations of individual drugs used in the combinations are included for each data point. Error bars represent standard error of the mean (n = 2)