Fig. 1

Median-joining network of the P. falciparum Pfk13 haplotypes using 1099 complete sequences from a global sample. All complete Pfk13 gene sequences obtained here for Venezuelan P. falciparum population samples (n = 65) in 2018, as well as those available in the PlasmoDB and NCBI databases (n = 1034), were included. Colors correspond to a different geographic origin and the branch lengths are proportional to divergence; node sizes are proportional to the total haplotype frequencies. Lines separating haplotypes represent mutational steps. Mutations associated with the delayed parasite clearance phenotype are indicated with arrows. The most frequent haplotypes are indicated as H1 and H2, and the two haplotypes found in Venezuelan samples are shown in yellow and labelled with an “*”