Fig. 3

Infectivity of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) with P. vivax sporozoites. a Representative image from primary human hepatocytes infected with P. vivax sporozoites, fixed at 7 days post infection and immuno stained for pvUIS4 antibody. b Panels showing pvEEF’s of different sizes from the same infection. For A, B, scale bar is 25 μm. c Quantification of number of EEF per well in primary human hepatocytes infected with P. vivax sporozoites under different culture conditions: Addition of amikacin or various concentrations of moxifloxacin to basic Pen-Strep-Neo containing media during sporozoite infection 4 h or o/n (overnight) enabled long term sterile hepatocyte cultures with demonstrable EEFs (Amikacin200 μg/ml, n = 20wells; Moxifloxacin 0.5, 1.0 and 2 μg/ml, n = 30 wells each and Moxifloxacin o/n treatment, n = 60 wells)