Table 1 Baseline characteristics and information about malaria among control and intervention groups in the study
Variables | Control group (n = 100) | Intervention group (n = 100) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
 Age (years) | |||
  ≤ 25 | 22 (22%) | 39 (39%) | 0.029* |
  26–30 | 53 (53%) | 39 (39%) | |
  31 and above | 25 (25%) | 22 (22%) | |
 Education | |||
  Uneducated | 62 (62%) | 83 (83%) | 0.001* |
  Primary | 16 (16%) | 13 (13%) | |
  Any other type of education | 22 (22%) | 4 (4%) | |
 Number of living children | |||
  1–2 | 17 (17%) | 10 (10%) | 0.111 |
  3–4 | 54 (54%) | 63 (63%) | |
  5–6 | 9 (9%) | 15 (15%) | |
  7–9 | 20 (20%) | 12 (12%) | |
 Age at marriage (years) | |||
  15, 16 | 12 (12%) | 11 (11%) | 0.073 |
  17 | 18 (18%) | 34 (34%) | |
  18 | 43 (43%) | 36 (36%) | |
  19–22 | 27 (27%) | 19 (19%) | |
 Type of household | |||
  Mud house | 79 (79%) | 82 (82%) | 0.592 |
  Brick house | 21 (21%) | 18 (18%) | |
 Number of rooms | |||
  1–2 | 30 (30%) | 21 (21%) | 0.144 |
  3–4 | 70 (70%) | 79 (79%) | |
 Owns a mobile phone | |||
  Yes | 54 (54%) | 21 (21%) | 0.001* |
  No | 46 (46%) | 79 (79%) | |
 Source of drinking water | |||
  Well outside home | 71 (71%) | 49 (49%) | 0.001* |
  Well inside home | 29 (29%) | 51 (51%) | |
 Type of latrine | |||
  Open | 51 (51%) | 26 (26%) | 0.001* |
  Pit latrine | 49 (49%) | 74 (74%) | |
 Mode of sewage drainage in house | |||
  Open sewers | 64 (64%) | 33 (33%) | 0.001* |
  Underground sewers | 2 (2%) | 25 (25%) | |
  Open pond | 34 (34%) | 42 (42%) | |
 Income (PKR) | |||
  5,000 | 37 (37%) | 76 (76%) | 0.001* |
  6000–10,000 | 48 (48%) | 22 (22%) | |
  11,000–15,000 | 15 (15%) | 2 (2%) | |
 Previous stillbirth (28 weeks) | |||
  Yes | 35 (35%) | 20 (20%) | 0.018* |
  No | 65 (65%) | 80 (80%) | |
 Previous newborn death | |||
  Yes | 26 (26%) | 18 (18%) | 0.172 |
  No | 74 (74%) | 82 (82%) | |
 Antenatal counselling on malaria | |||
  Yes | 35 (35%) | 24 (24%) | 0.088 |
  No | 65 (65%) | 76 (76%) | |
 Counselling topics | |||
  Use LLINs | 4 (4%) | 3 (3%) | 0.925 |
  Indoor spray | 27 (27%) | 19 (19%) | |
  Take preventive medicine | 4 (4%) | 2 (2%) | |
 Malaria during previous pregnancies | |||
  Yes | 15 (15%) | 29 (29%) | 0.017* |
  No | 85 (85%) | 71 (71%) | |
 Malaria during current pregnancy | |||
  Yes | 2 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 0.561 |
  No | 98 (98%) | 99 (99%) | |
 Ever heard about malaria | |||
  Yes | 34 (34%) | 23 (23%) | 0.085 |
  No | 66 (66%) | 77 (77%) | |
 Source of information about malaria | |||
  Health worker | 32 (32%) | 21 (21%) | 0.683 |
  Other | 2 (2%) | 2 2(%) | |