Defining symptoms of malaria in India in an era of asymptomatic infections

Malaria Journal

Table 2 The association between age, gender and season and asymptomatic malaria in Rourkela (multivariate models), 2013–2015

	Asymptomatic malaria by RDT			Asymptomatic malaria by microscopy			Asymptomatic malaria by PCR
	n/N (%)	Adjusted risk ratio, 95% CI	p	n/N (%)	Adjusted risk ratio, 95% CI	p	n/N (%)	Adjusted risk ratio, 95% CI	p
Age group
0–4	5/116 (4.3)	2.55, 0.93–6.96	0.069	10/116 (8.6)	2.77, 1.37–5.61	0.005	4/116 (3.5)	1.12, 0.40–3.14	0.835
5–14	16/242 (6.6)	4.00, 1.97–8.11	< 0.001	13/239 (5.4)	1.78, 0.93–3.43	0.082	10/236 (4.2)	1.42, 0.69–2.90	0.338
15+ years	14/903 (1.6)	Reference		26/899 (2.9)	Reference		26/894 (2.9)	Reference
Gender
Male	22/565 (3.9)	1.84, 0.94–3.63	0.077	30/562 (5.3)	1.79, 1.02–3.15	0.044	24/551 (4.4)	1.81, 0.97–3.38	0.064
Female	13/696 (1.9)	Reference		19/692 (2.8)	Reference		16/695 (2.3)	Reference
Season
Rainy	14/544 (2.6)	0.94, 0.48–1.81	0.843	21/537 (3.9)	1.03, 0.60–1.80	0.905	24/526 (4.6)	2.05, 1.10–3.82	0.024
Dry	21/717 (2.9)	Reference		28/717 (3.9)	Reference		16/720 (2.2)	Reference

Reference group: persons without malaria by this test. Asymptomatic malaria defined as malaria in the absence of any symptom (truly asymptomatic). Adjusted for age, gender and season. Adjusted risk ratios with a confidence interval > 1 are in italics
CI confidence interval, RDT rapid diagnostic malaria test, PCR polymerase chain reaction

ISSN: 1475-2875