From: The fabric of life: what if mosquito nets were durable and widely available but insecticide-free?
Insecticide | Country | Major vector species | Washing | Dosage (mg/m2) | Holes | Deterrence (%) | Bite prevention & feeding inhibition (%) | Toxicity (%) | Excess  % exit | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alpha cypermethrin | The Gambia | An. gambiae s.l | Unwashed | 100 | Yes | 0 | 92.0 | 94.0 | – | [114] |
Washed | 100 | Yes | 0 | 91.0 | 74.0 | – | ||||
Tanzania | An. arabiensis | Unwashed | 25 | Yes | 25.0 | 82.6 | 32.8 | 1.9 | [108]a | |
An. gambiae & An funestus | Unwashed | 10 | Yes | 45.8 | 81.5 | 59.5 | – | [115] | ||
Washed | 10 | Yes | 27.9 | 67.7 | 24.8 | – | ||||
Unwashed | 20 | Yes | 21.2 | 68.5 | 63.4 | – | ||||
Washed | 20 | Yes | 13.6 | 66.7 | 43.5 | – | ||||
Unwashed | 40 | Yes | 11.4 | 79.1 | 50.1 | – | ||||
Washed | 40 | Yes | 44.2 | 79.2 | 43.5 | – | ||||
An. gambiae | Unwashed | 20 | Yes | 21.1 | 67.9 | 72.0 | 3.5 | [106] | ||
An funestus | Unwashed | 20 | Yes | 32.7 | 69.3 | 70.6 | 8.4 | |||
An. gambiae | Washed | 20 | Yes | 0 | 29.9 | 69.6 | 6.0 | |||
An funestus | Washed | 20 | Yes | 7.7 | 9.9 | 58.4 | 4.8 | |||
Permethrin | Tanzania | An. arabiensis | Unwashed | 200 | Yes | 33.7 | 72.0 | 49.8 | – | [116]b |
Unwashed | 200 | No | 20.6 | 61.0 | 41.9 | – | ||||
Unwashed | 80 | No | 10.6 | 71.2 | – | 28.3 | [103]c | |||
An. arabiensis | Unwashed | 25 | Yes | 35.3 | 85.8 | 15.2 | 5.9 | [108] | ||
Unwashed | 200 | No | 57.1 | 75.0 | 89.0 | 27.0 | [103] | |||
Unwashed | 1000 | No | 66.6 | 63.0 | 70.0 | 56.0 | ||||
An. gambiae & An funestus | Unwashed | 200 | Yes | 38.7 | 97.8 | 46.3 | – | [107] | ||
Unwashed | 200 | Yes | 20.5 | 82.2 | 29.8 | – | ||||
Kenya | An. gambiae | Unwashed | 500 | No | 15.0 | 83.9 | – | 50.8 | [112]e | |
An. arabiensis | Unwashed | 500 | No | 0 | 66.7 | – | 13.9 | |||
An. funestus | Unwashed | 500 | No | 35.7 | 85.9 | – | 49.6 | |||
An. gambiae s.s | Unwashed | 500 | No | 94.6 | – | – | – | [102]e | ||
An. funestus. | Unwashed | 500 | No | 96.7 | – | – | – | |||
The Gambia | An. gambiae s.l. | Unwashed | 5 | Yes | 33.0 | 96.3 | 74.0 | 2.0 | [36]d | |
An. gambiae s.l. | Unwashed | 50 | Yes | 45.1 | 98.2 | 75.0 | 4.0 | |||
An. gambiae s.l. | Unwashed | 500 | Yes | 69.9 | 98.7 | 79.0 | 10.0 | |||
Lambda Cyhalothrin | The Gambia | An. gambiae s.l. | Unwashed | 25 | Yes | 33.3 | 97.8 | 89.0 | 0 | [36]d |
Tanzania | An. gambiae & An funestus | Unwashed | 10 | Yes | 33.6 | 63.3 | 71.4 | – | [115] | |
Washed | 10 | Yes | 31.8 | 54.8 | 61.3 | – | ||||
Unwashed | 20 | Yes | 32.6 | 63.3 | 74.8 | – | ||||
Washed | 20 | Yes | 23.0 | 62.3 | 56.0 | – | ||||
 | An. gambiae s.l. | Unwashed | 18 | Yes | 26.4 | 96.1 | 98.5 | 10.7 | [117] | |
Deltamethrin | The Gambia | An. gambiae s.l | Unwashed | 25 | Yes | 11 | 93 | 88 | – | [114] |
Washed | 25 | Yes | – | 87 | 74 | – | ||||
Unwashed | 500 | Yes | 60 | 98 | 72 | – | ||||
Washed | 500 | Yes | – | 87 | 54 | – | ||||
Unwashed | 25 | Yes | 22 | 98 | 86 | – | ||||
Washed | 25 | Yes | 0 | 87 | 87 | – | ||||
Tanzania | An. arabiensis | Unwashed | 25 | Yes | 30.7 | 81.4 | 33.0 | 2.5 | [108] | |
An. gambiae | Washed | 25 | Yes | 22.5 | 89.0 | 69.0 | 6 | [109] | ||
Unwashed | 25 | No | 0 | 90.3 | 83.9 | – | [105] | |||
Washed | 25 | No | 0 | 91.2 | 70.2 | – | ||||
An. gambiae & An funestus | Washed | 25 | No | 0 | 95.2 | 88.0 | – |