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Table 2 Prevalence of pvmdr1, pvcrt-o, pvdhfr and pvdhps haplotypes in asymptomatic and symptomatic infections

From: Molecular surveillance for drug resistance markers in Plasmodium vivax isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic infections at the China–Myanmar border

Genes (codons)

Haplotypesa

# of haplotypes/# of sequenced isolates (%)

Asymptomatic

Symptomatic

Total

pvmdr1 (976/997/1076)b

YKF

1/57 (1.8)

9/56 (16.1)**

10/113 (8.8)

FKF

0 (0.0)

3/56 (5.4)

3113 (2.7)

YRF

4/57 (7.0)

2/56 (3.6)

6/113 (5.3)

YKL

52/57 (91.2)

42/56 (75.0)*

94/113 (83.2)

pvcrt-o (2/3/K10 insertion)c

TI_

37/52 (71.2)

33/51 (64.7)

70/103 (68.0)

TIK

15/52 (28.8)

14/51 (27.5)

29/103 (28.2)

TV_

0 (0.0)

1/51 (2.0)

1/103 (1.0)

IIK

0 (0.0)

3/51 (5.9)

3/103 (2.9)

pvdhfr (13/57/58/61/99/117/173)

IFSTHSI

1/61 (1.6)

0 (0.0)

1/116 (0.9)

IFST-SI

14/61 (23.0)

7/55 (12.7)

21/116 (18.1)

IFSTSSI

13/61 (21.3)

17/55 (30.9)

30/116 (25.9)

IFSTSTI

1/61 (1.6)

0/55 (0.0)

1/116 (0.9)

IFRT-NI

11/61 (18.0)

9/55 (16.4)

20/116 (17.2)

IIRMHSI

4/61 (6.6)

0 (0.0)

4/116 (3.6)

ILRMHTI

0 (0.0)

7/55 (10.9)***

7/116 (6.0)

IIRMHTI

17/61 (27.9)

13/55 (23.6)

30/116 (25.8)

LIRMHTI

0 (0.0)

2/55 (3.6)

2/116 (1.7)

pvdhps (382/383/512/553/571/647)

SAKAEA

13/41 (31.7)

7/39 (17.9)

20/80 (25.0)

SGKAEA

12/41 (29.3)

17/39 (43.6)

29/80 (36.3)

SGKGEA

8/41 (19.5)

11/39 (28.2)

19/80 (23.8)

SGKAQA

2/41 (4.9)

0 (0.0)

2/80 (2.5)

AGKGEA

3/41 (7.3)

2/39 (5.1)

5/80 (6.3)

SGMGEA

3/41 (7.3)

0 (0.0)

3/80 (3.8)

SGKGEV

0 (0.0)

1/39 (2.6)

1/80 (1.3)

CGEGEA

0 (0.0)

1/39 (2.6)

1/80 (1.3)

  1. The difference in the major haplotypes between asymptomatic and symptomatic infections was calculated by Fisher’s exact test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001
  2. aMutant amino acids are shown in boldface
  3. bFor pvmdr1, the fixed T958M was not considered
  4. cFor pvcrt-o, _ indicates no K10 insertion