Fig. 3

Classification of diagnostic performance by relative biomarker concentrations. Each blood sample with results for microscopy, Q-plex, and uRDT (n = 579) is represented as a single point colored by uRDT and microscopy results. Dotted lines indicate the most sensitive thresholds for currently available RDTs: ~ 10,000 pg/mL for pLDH, an estimate based on detection of ~ 200 parasites/µL [9, 30, 31], and 80–100 pg/mL for HRP2 [15]. Additionally, black crosses indicate those with recent antimalarial drug treatment (previous 21 days). HRP2, histidine rich protein 2; pLDH, Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase; RDT, rapid diagnostic test; uRDT, ultra-sensitive rapid diagnostic test