Table 2 Comparison of the effects of the treatment interventions on adult mosquito density in the sampled villages in Malindi, Nyabondo and Tolay study sites using generalized estimating equations

Adult anopheline mosquito density

Overall

 Arm 1

Reference

 Arm 2

1.78 (1.25–2.55), p = 0.002

1.03 (0.39–2.70), p = 0.955

1.13 (0.66–1.96), p = 0.654

3.24 (1.79–5.85), p < 0.001

 Arm 3

0.88 (0.58–1.34), p = 0.561

0.78 (0.27–2.24), p = 0.639

0.98 (0.56–1.72), p = 0.949

0.76 (0.35–1.66), p = 0.493

 Arm 4

0.55 (0.34–0.88), p = 0.012

0.82 (0.31–2.13), p = 0.678

0.62 (0.33–1.19), p = 0.150

0.24 (0.07–0.77), p = 0.016

Malindi

 Arm 1

Reference

 Arm 2

2.36 (1.51–3.71), p < 0.001

0.51 (0.13–2.05), p = 0.346

1.19 (0.60–2.37), p = 0.611

6.17 (2.71–14.06), p < 0.001

 Arm 3

0.86 (0.49–1.49), p = 0.582

0.24 (0.04–1.38), p = 0.109

0.77 (0.37–1.60), p = 0.479

2.00 (0.72–5.57), p = 0.182

 Arm 4

0.69 (0.38–1.25), p = 0.224

0.79 (0.23–2.68), p = 0.704

0.69 (0.32–1.48), p = 0.342

0.42 (0.08–2.33), p = 0.320

Nyabondo

 Arm 1

Reference

 Arm 2

1.93 (0.72–5.13), p = 0.189

10.58 (0.25–450.16), p = 0.218

5.04 (0.92–27.64), p = 0.063

0.13 (0.01–2.01), p = 0.146

 Arm 3

2.10 (0.79–5.54), p = 0.135

8.98 (0.20–409.40), p = 0.260

5.98 (1.11–32.11), p = 0.037

0.13 (0.01–2.01), p = 0.146

 Arm 4

0.80 (0.25–2.54), p = 0.705

4.62 (0.10–211.94), p = 0.433

1.69 (0.24–12.08), p = 0.602

0.16 (0.01–1.97), p = 0.151

Tolay

 Arm 1

Reference

 Arm 2

0.44 (0.15–1.30), p = 0.136

1.10 (0.15–7.84), p = 0.924

0.25 (0.04–1.61), p = 0.143

0.38 (0.05–3.04), p = 0.361

 Arm 3

0.51 (0.18–1.43), p = 0.201

1.15 (0.16–8.04), p = 0.888

0.40 (0.08–1.94), p = 0.256

0.32 (0.04–2.92), p = 0.313

 Arm 4

0.29 (0.08–1.05), p = 0.059

0.60 (0.06–6.02), p = 0.664

0.16 (0.01–1.71), p = 0.129

0.32 (0.04–2.92), p = 0.313

Adult culicine mosquito density

Overall

 Arm 1

Reference

 Arm 2

0.69 (0.53–0.89), p = 0.004

0.24 (0.14–0.40), p < 0.001

1.35 (0.85–2.15), p = 0.199

1.03 (0.67–1.60), p = 0.879

 Arm 3

0.49 (0.37–0.65), p < 0.001

0.32 (0.20–0.52), p < 0.001

0.52 (0.29–0.92), p = 0.026

0.80 (0.50–1.29), p = 0.366

 Arm 4

0.38 (0.28–0.51), p < 0.001

0.30 (0.19–0.47), p < 0.001

0.40 (0.21–0.77), p = 0.006

0.37 (0.21–0.68), p = 0.001

Malindi

 Arm 1

Reference

 Arm 2

0.71 (0.51–0.98), p = 0.037

0.13 (0.06–0.28), p < 0.001

1.60 (0.94–2.71), p = 0.081

1.14 (0.64–2.04), p = 0.652

 Arm 3

0.51 (0.36–0.73), p < 0.001

0.26 (0.13–0.49), p < 0.001

0.48 (0.24–0.94), p = 0.032

1.29 (0.67–2.49), p = 0.440

 Arm 4

0.22 (0.14–0.35), P < 0.001

0.09 (0.04–0.21), p < 0.001

0.25 (0.11–0.59), p = 0.001

0.65 (0.29–1.45), p = 0.288

Nyabondo

 Arm 1

Reference

 Arm 2

0.85 (0.38–1.89), p = 0.684

0.98 (0.37–2.62), p = 0.973

10.31 (0.02–6705.85), p = 0.480

0.36 (0.06–2.30), p = 0.282

 Arm 3

0.55 (0.22–1.37), p = 0.199

0.36 (0.09–1.46), p = 0.153

3.75 (0–3846.25), p = 0.709

0.96 (0.24–3.80), p = 0.949

 Arm 4

2.06 (1.06–3.99), p = 0.033

1.73 (0.76–3.95), p = 0.191

37.00 (0.07–19,853.62), p = 0.260

0.64 (0.14–2.96), p = 0.566

Tolay

 Arm 1

Reference

 Arm 2

0.95 (0.40–2.26), p = 0.912

0.68 (0.09–5.01), p = 0.705

0.79 (0.13–4.65), p = 0.795

1.11 (0.35–3.56), p = 0.856

 Arm 3

0.79 (0.32–1.95), p = 0.605

0.64 (0.08–4.88), p = 0.667

1.24 (0.25–6.09), p = 0.793

0.62 (0.16–2.36), p = 0.484

 Arm 4

0.67 (0.26–1.76), p = 0.420

1.24 (0.22–6.94), p = 0.807

0.90 (0.15–5.33), p = 0.911

0.32 (0.06–1.66), p = 0.174