Table 3 Summary of reported adverse side effects seen during drug administration of radical, preventive and presumptive treatment
Adverse side effects | No. observed | No. side effects (%) |
|---|---|---|
(1) Preventive treatment: 600 mg piperaquine phosphate once a month [46] | ||
Mild side effects: dizziness, nausea and cheek numbing [46]. | 238 | 103(43.3%) |
(2) Radical treatment: 90 mg primaquine for 4 days [49] | ||
Side effect: haemolysis [49]. | 2,529 | 8(0.32%) |
(3) Radical cure: 150 mg primaquine for 5 days [50]. | ||
Mild side effects: dizziness, nausea and headache [50] | 853 | 114(13.4%) |
(4) Radical treatment: 150 mg primaquine for 5 days plus 100 mg pyrimethamine for 2 days [50] | ||
Mild side effect: dizziness, nausea and headache [50] | 1,381 | 264(19.1%) |
(5) Radical treatment: 180 mg primaquine for 8 days plus 100 mg pyrimethamine for 2 days [51, 55] | ||
Serious side effects: dizziness, nausea, headache, shivering, hyperspasmia and eventually death [51] | 1 | 1 |
Other side effects: varying levels of dizziness, nausea and headache [55] | 857 | 174(20.3%) |
(6) Accident: mistakenly taking 2500 mg pyrimethamine as a single dose [53] | ||
Serious side effects: hematocyanosis and eventual death [53] | 1 | 1 |
(7) Radical treatment: primaquine 22.5 mg daily × 8 days and pyrimethamine 50 mg daily × 2 days [23] | ||
Haematuria, weakness, fever, appetite loss, abdominal pain/discomfort, dizziness and headache, bruising, epistaxis [23] | 254,910 | 9 (0.0035%) |
(8) Radical treatment: primaquine 30 mg daily × 4 days and pyrimethamine 50 mg daily × 2 days [23] | ||
Jaundice, fever, loss of appetite, weakness, dizziness, haematuria, dark coloured urine, abdominal pain, cyanosis, and headache [23] | 444,589 | 40 (0.009%) |