Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of primary school students before and after matching analysis in Jimma, Ethiopia, 2019 (N = 631)
Characteristics | Prior matching (n = 799) | After matching (n = 631) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control, n (%) | Intervention, n (%) | p-value | Control, n (%) | Intervention, n (%) | p-value | |
Age | ||||||
 < 14 years | 204 (28.8) | 182 (25.7) | 0.125 | 179 (56.6) | 161 (51.1) | 0.1000 |
 > 15 years | 152 (21.4) | 171 (24.1) |  | 137 (43.4) | 154 (48.9) |  |
Gender | ||||||
 Male | 181 (25.5) | 189 (26.7) | 0.472 | 161 (50.9) | 165 (52.4) | 0.9820 |
 Female | 175 (24.7) | 164 (23.1) |  | 155 (49.1) | 150 (47.6) |  |
Religion | ||||||
 Muslim | 241 (34.0) | 223 (31.5) | 0.041 | 231 (73.1) | 203 (64.4) | 0.9421 |
 Orthodox | 77 (10.9) | 70 (9.9) |  | 60 (19) | 63 (20) |  |
 Protestant | 38 (5.4) | 60 (8.5) |  | 25 (7.9) | 49 (15.6) |  |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Oromo | 290 (40.9) | 319 (45.0) | 0.001 | 251 (79.4) | 283 (89.8) | 0.1000 |
 Amhara | 48 (6.8) | 20 (2.8) |  | 47 (14.9) | 19 (6) |  |
 Others (Kefa, Guraghe) | 18 (2.5) | 14 (2.0) |  | 18 (5.7) | 13 (4.1) |  |
Grade level | ||||||
 Grade 6th | 115 (16.2) | 108 (15.2) | 0.831 | 106 (33.5) | 95 (30.2) | 0.9564 |
 Grade 7th | 122 (17.2) | 120 (16.9) |  | 109 (34.5) | 108 (34.3) |  |
 Grade 8th | 119 (16.8) | 125 (17.6) |  | 101 (32) | 112 (35.5) |  |
GPA per quartile | ||||||
 < 73 | 110 (15.5) | 73 (10.3) | 0.001 | 104 (32.9) | 64 (20.3) | 0.1000 |
 73–81 | 92 (13.0) | 80 (11.3) |  | 84 (26.6) | 70 (22.2) |  |
 81–89 | 87 (12.3) | 96 (13.5) |  | 75 (23.7) | 83 (26.3) |  |
 > 89 | 67 (9.4) | 104 (14.7) |  | 53 (16.8) | 98 (31.1) |  |
Favorite subject | ||||||
 Biology | 42 (5.9) | 39 (5.5) | 0.006 | 38 (12) | 34 (10.8) | 0.1000 |
 Chemistry | 41 (5.8) | 44 (6.2) |  | 36 (11.4) | 40 (12.7) |  |
 Mathematics | 64 (9.0) | 86 (12.1) |  | 53 (16.8) | 78 (24.8) |  |
 Geography | 44 (6.2) | 46 (6.5) |  | 42 (13.3) | 39 (12.4) |  |
 English language | 28 (4.0) | 39 (5.5) |  | 25 (7.9) | 33 (10.5) |  |
 Afan Oromo (local language) | 104 (14.7) | 59 (8.3) |  | 92 (29.1) | 53 (16.8) |  |
 Civic and ethical education | 33 (4.7) | 39 (5.5) |  | 30 (9.5) | 38 (12.1) |  |
Roles in the class | ||||||
 Leader | 54 (7.6) | 72 (10.2) | 0.043 | 48 (15.2) | 64 (20.3) | 0.9753 |
 Vice leader | 45 (6.4) | 238 (5.9) |  | 43 (13.6) | 34 (10.8) |  |
 Members | 356 (36.3) | 352 (33.6) |  | 225 (71.2) | 2 17 (68.9) |  |
Participation in school wide clubs | ||||||
 Sport | 75 (14.0) | 78 (14.5) | 0.010 | 56 (12) | 75 (16.1) | 0.9145 |
 Health | 9 (1.7) | 83 (15.5) | 0.000 | 9 (1.9) | 65 (14.1) | 0.1000 |
 Mini-media | 7 (1.3) | 21 (3.9) | 0.094 | 4 (0.9) | 20 (4.3) | 0.8723 |
 Technology | 2 (0.4) | 8 (1.5) | 0.191 | 1 (0.2) | 6 (1.3) | 0.9841 |
 Environmental health | 2 (0.4) | 15 (2.8) | 0.015 | 2 (0.4) | 13 (2.8) | 0.1000 |
 Language and culture | 6 (1.1) | 22 (4.1) | 0.039 | 4 (0.9) | 20 (4.3) | 0.9284 |
 Gender equality | 74 (13.4) | 82 (15.3) | 0.0312 | 58 (12.5) | 78 (16.8) | 0.9870 |
Roles in the clubs | ||||||
 Leader | 6 (1.2) | 32 (6.6) | 0.0015 | 5 (1.2) | 28 (6.8) | 0.1000 |
 Vice leader | 4 (0.8) | 12 (2.5) |  | 3 (0.7) | 11 (2.7) |  |
 Members | 157 (32.4) | 255 (52.6) |  | 121 (29.2) | 230 (55.6) |  |