Fig. 1

Border area in Brazil, study region, and cross-border malaria cases (2007–2018). a Brazil, border countries, border area according to the WHO definition, and 100 km buffer area from the border of malaria-endemic countries; insert map shows the state of Roraima. b Percentage of border malaria cases reported in the border municipalities by country origin and year. c Percentage of transnational malaria cases reported in the Amazon region by country of origin (considering only the bordering countries) and year