Table 4 Potential risk factors of anemia among pregnant women surveyed at the household level in Burkina Faso in 2013/2014
Potential factors | N | Anemia cases | Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PR (95% CI) | p | Adj. PR (95% CI) | p | |||
Asymptomatic malaria | < 0.001a | < 0.001a | ||||
No | 1436 | 479 | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 271 | 133 | 1.34 (1.22–1.48) | 1.31 (1.18–1.44) | ||
Age | 0.21 | 0.42 | ||||
≥ 30 | 468 | 153 | 1 | 1 | ||
20–30 | 859 | 305 | 1.07 (0.96–1.19) | 1.10 (0.98–1.23) | ||
≤ 20 | 380 | 154 | 1.12 (0.99–1.27) | 1.19 (1.00–1.41) | ||
Trimester of pregnancy | < 0.001a | < 0.001a | ||||
First | 404 | 239 | 1 | 1 | ||
Second | 731 | 343 | 0.79 (0.71–0.89) | 0.81 (0.72–0.90) | ||
Third | 573 | 324 | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) | 0.97 (0.87–1.08) | ||
Parity | 0.99 | 0.28 | ||||
Multigravida | 1039 | 360 | 1 | 1 | ||
Secundigravida | 354 | 130 | 1.00 (0.89–1.12) | 0.89 (0.76–1.05) | ||
Primigravida | 314 | 122 | 1.00 (0.89–1.13) | 0.92 (0.82–1.05) | ||
Insecticide-treated nets | 0.41 | 0.38 | ||||
At least one | 1650 | 589 | 1 | 1 | ||
No insecticide-treated nets | 57 | 23 | 0.89 (0.67–1.17) | 0.87 (0.66–1.15) | ||
Education | 0.56 | 0.48 | ||||
No education | 1696 | 608 | 1 | 1 | ||
Educated | 11 | 4 | 1.21 (0.82–1.80) | 1.19 (0.75–1.90) | ||
Household socioeconomic | 0.75 | 0.67 | ||||
Middle quintile | 351 | 132 | 1 | 1 | ||
Poorest | 300 | 101 | 0.95 (0.82–1.10) | 0.95 (0.82–1.09) | ||
Poor | 364 | 143 | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) | 1.04 (0.91–1.18) | ||
Rich | 338 | 133 | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) | ||
Richest | 354 | 103 | 0.95 (0.83–1.10) | 0.95 (0.83–1.09) | ||
Place of residence | 0.27 | 0.27 | ||||
Rural | 1586 | 568 | 1 | 1 | ||
Urban | 121 | 44 | 0.90 (0.74–1.09) | 0.89 (0.73–1.08) | ||
Malaria season | 0.001a | 0.008a | ||||
Low season | 1222 | 400 | 1 | 1 | ||
High season | 485 | 212 | 1.18 (1.07–1.29) | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | ||