Malaria epidemiology and anti-malarial drug efficacy in Guinea: a review of clinical and molecular studies

Cherif, Mahamoud Sama; Dahal, Prabin; Beavogui, Abdoul Habib; Delamou, Alexandre; Lama, Eugene Kaman; Camara, Alioune; Diallo, Mamadou Pathe

doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03809-9

Malaria Journal

Table 3 Studies describing prevalence of molecular markers of antimalarial resistance

From: Malaria epidemiology and anti-malarial drug efficacy in Guinea: a review of clinical and molecular studies

Markers	Year	Study site	Marker type	Total tested	Number of mutations	Mutation percentage [95% CI]
*dhps*
Bonnet-2007 [18]	2004	Lainé refugee camp	Wild-type	114	8	7.0% [3.6–13.2%]
Bonnet-2007 [18]	2004	Lainé refugee camp	Single mutant 436	114	31	27.2% [19.9–36%]
Bonnet-2007 [18]	2004	Lainé refugee camp	Single mutant 437	114	38	33.3% [25.3–42.4%]
Bonnet-2007 [18]	2004	Lainé refugee camp	Double mutant 436–437	114	29	25.4% [18.3–34.1%]
Bonnet-2007 [18]	2004	Lainé refugee camp	Double mutant 437–540	114	8	7.0% [3.6–13.2%]
Xu-2019 [36]	2013–2016	Travellers	I431V	13	0	0.0% [0.0–22.8%]
Xu-2019 [36]	2013–2016	Travellers	S436A/F	13	1	7.7% [1.4–33.3%]
Xu-2019 [36]	2013–2016	Travellers	A437G	13	13	100% [77.2–100%]
Xu-2019 [36]	2013–2016	Travellers	K540E	13	2	15.4% [4.3–42.2%]
Xu-2019 [36]	2013–2016	Travellers	A581G	13	0	0.0% [0.0–22.8%]
Xu-2019 [36]	2013–2016	Travellers	A613S	13	1	7.7% [1.4–33.3%]
*dhf*
Bonnet-2007 [18]	2004	Lainé refugee camp	Wild-type	148	20	13.5% [8.9–20.0%]
Bonnet-2007 [18]	2004	Lainé refugee camp	Double mutant 59–108	148	2	1.4% [0.4–4.8%]
Bonnet-2007 [18]	2004	Lainé refugee camp	Triple mutant 51–59–108	148	126	85.1% [78.5–90.0%]
Xu-2019 [36]	2013–2016	Travellers	N51I	13	12	92.3% [66.7–98.6%]
Xu-2019 [36]	2013–2016	Travellers	C59R	13	12	92.3% [66.7–98.6%]
Xu-2019 [36]	2013–2016	Travellers	S108N	13	13	100% [77.2–100%]
Xu-2019 [36]	2013–2016	Travellers	51I-59R-108 N	13	12	92.3% [66.7–98.6%]
*dhps* and *dhfr* combined
Bonnet-2007 [18]	2004	Lainé refugee camp	Quintuple mutant: dhfr 51–59–108 and dhps 437–540	110	8	7.3% [3.7–13.7%]
Bonnet-2007 [18]	2004	Lainé refugee camp	Quintuple mutant: dhfr 51–59–108 and dhps 436–437	110	27	24.5% [17.5–33.4%]
Bonnet-2007 [18]	2004	Lainé refugee camp	dhfr 51–59–108 and dhps single mutant	110	54	49.1% [39.9–58.3%]
Bonnet-2007 [18]	2004	Lainé refugee camp	Three or less mutations	110	21	19.1% [12.8–27.4%]
Xu-2019 [36]	2013–2016	Travellers	51I + 59R + 108N + 437G (IRNG)	13	8	61.5% [35.5–82.3%]
Xu-2019 [36]	2013–2016	Travellers	51I + 59R + 108N + 437G + 540E (IRNGE)	13	2	15.4% [4.3–42.2%]
Xu-2019 [36]	2013–2016	Travellers	51I + 59R + 108N + 437G + 540E + 581G or 613S (IRNGEG/S)	13	0	0.0% [0.0–22.8%]
*pfcrt*
Durand-2001 [38]	1995–1999	Travellers	pfcrt 76T	1	0	0.0% [0.0–79.3%]
Durand-2001 [38]	1995–1999	Travellers	pfcrt K76	1	1	100.0% [20.7–100%]
Andriantsoanirina-2010 [37]	2003	Travellers	pfcrt 76T	1	1	100.0% [20.7–100%]
Andriantsoanirina-2010 [37]	2003	Travellers	pfcrt K76	1	0	0.0% [0.0–79.3%]
Zhou-2016 [39]	2012–2015	Conakry	pfcrt CMNK	33	21	63.6% [46.6–77.8%]
Zhou-2016 [39]	2012–2015	Conakry	pfcrt CIET	33	11	33.3% [19.8–50.4%]
Zhou-2016 [39]	2012–2015	Conakry	pfcrt K76	33	21	63.6% [46.6–77.8%]
Zhou-2016 [39]	2012–2015	Conakry	pfcrt 76T	33	11	33.3% [19.8–50.4%]
Lu-2017 [40]	2011–2014	–	pfcrt K76	7	3	42.9% [15.8–75.0%]
Lu-2017 [40]	2011–2014	–	pfcrt 76T	7	4	57.1% [25.0–84.2%]
Lu-2017 [40]	2011–2014	–	pfcrt 76K/T	7	0	0.0% [0.0–35.4%]
Lu-2017 [40]	2011–2014	–	pfcrt CMNK	7	3	42.9% [15.8–75.0%]
Lu-2017 [40]	2011–2014	–	pfcrt CIET	7	4	57.1% [25.0–84.2%]
Tao-2018 [41]	2012–2016	Conakry	pfcrt 76T	10	3	30.0% [10.8–60.3%]
Tao-2018 [41]	2012–2016	Conakry	pfcrt K76	10	7	70.0% [39.7–89.2%]
*pfmdr1*
Witkowski-2010 [43]	2005–2009	Travellers	Copy number > 1	9	0	0.0% [0.0–29.9%]
Durand-2001 [38]	1995–1999	Travellers	pfmdr1 86Y	1	1	100.0% [20.7–100%]
Durand-2001 [38]	1995–1999	Travellers	pfmdr1 N86	1	0	0.0% [0.0–79.3%]
Tao-2018 [41]	2012–2016	Conakry	pfmdr1 86Y	10	2	20.0% [5.7–51.0%]
Yang-2019 [42]	2012–2016	Conakry	pfmdr1 NFSND	33	14	42.4% [27.2–59.2%]
Yang-2019 [42]	2012–2016	Conakry	pfmdr1 YYSNY	33	0	0.0% [0.0–10.4%]
Yang-2019 [42]	2012–2016	Conakry	pfmdr1 N86	33	14	42.4% [27.2–59.2%]
Yang-2019 [42]	2012–2016	Conakry	pfmdr1 86Y	33	19	57.6% [40.8–72.8%]
Beavogui-2020 [5]	2016	Mafèrinyah and Labé	pfmdr1 86N	379	296	78.1% [73.7–82%]
Beavogui-2020 [5]	2016	Mafèrinyah and Labé	pfmdr1 86Y	379	59	15.6% [12.3–19.6%]
Beavogui-2020 [5]	2016	Mafèrinyah and Labé	pfmdr1 86N/Y	379	24	6.3% [4.3–9.2%]
Beavogui-2020 [5]	2016	Mafèrinyah and Labé	pfmdr1 184Y	379	117	30.9% [26.4–35.7%]
Beavogui-2020 [5]	2016	Mafèrinyah and Labé	pfmdr1 184 F	379	206	54.4% [49.3–59.3%]
Beavogui-2020 [5]	2016	Mafèrinyah and Labé	pfmdr1 184 Y/F	379	56	14.8% [11.6–18.7%]
Beavogui-2020 [5]	2016	Mafèrinyah and Labé	pfmdr1 1246 D	370	363	98.1% [96.1–99.1%]
Beavogui-2020 [5]	2016	Mafèrinyah and Labé	pfmdr1 1246 Y	370	6	1.6% [0.7–3.5%]
Beavogui-2020 [5]	2016	Mafèrinyah and Labé	pfmdr1 1246 D/Y	370	1	0.3% [0.0–1.5%]
pfk13
Beavogui-2020 [5]	2016	Mafèrinyah and Labé	Wild-type	389	380	97.7% [95.7–98.8%]
Beavogui-2020 [5]	2016	Mafèrinyah and Labé	Mutant	389	9	2.3% [1.2–4.3%]

Source: The table is derived from the open-access library of molecular markers of antimalarial resistance indexed in the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network systematic review libraries [34, 35]
CI confidence interval; 95% CI was derived using Wilson’s method

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ISSN: 1475-2875

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