Fig. 4

Structural equation modelling. A Model B1 and B Model B2 were tested by nested binomial logistic regression models with estimation of OR and 95% CI. Rural mother resides in rural area, MalPreg mother diagnosed with malaria during pregnancy, MalPeri mother diagnosed with perinatal malaria, MalFalc mother diagnosed with P. falciparum or mixed infections during pregnancy, Fever mother presented with perinatal fever, ANM mother diagnosed with perinatal anaemia, Crtl ANM haemoglobin blood test timing (control variable), LBW low birth weight at delivery, Ap5 low Apgar at 5-min, STB stillbirth