The impact of the private sector co-payment mechanism (PSCM) on the private market for ACT in Nigeria: results of the 2018 cross-sectional outlet and household market surveys

Table 5 Median retail price of the different types of antimalarials across the different surveys among pharmacies and PPMVs

	Survey year	Median retail price (USD)^†		% price change on previous year		% price change 2011–2018 (start–end PSCM)
	Survey year	Pharmacy	PPMV	Pharmacy	PPMV	Pharmacy	PPMV
Green leaf ACTs*	2009	na	na
	2011	0.91	0.78
	2013	1.59	0.95	74.7	22.3
	2015	1.56	1.30	− 1.9	36.3
	2018	1.47	1.63	− 5.7	25.7	61.6	109.5
Non-green leaf ACTs (ss only*)	2009	4.55	4.22
	2011	3.74	3.90	− 17.9	− 7.7
	2013	4.45	3.81	19.1	− 2.2
	2015	3.38	3.38	− 24.1	− 11.4
	2018	1.63	1.63	− 51.6	− 51.6	− 56.3	− 58.1
Non-green leaf ACTs (ds only*)	2009	3.77	3.83
	2011	2.92	3.57	− 22.4	− 6.8
	2013	3.97	3.81	35.9	6.7
	2015	3.64	3.64	− 8.4	− 4.6
	2018	2.61	2.94	− 28.2	− 19.2	− 10.6	− 17.7
Non-ACT antimalarials*	2009	0.52	0.45
	2011	0.29	0.30	− 43.8	− 34.3
	2013	0.67	0.64	128.3	112.7
	2015	0.52	0.52	− 22.1	− 18.2
	2018	0.65	0.59	25.7	13.1	123.5	96.7

ss standard-strength dosage, ds double-strength dosage
*Drug categories include adult dosages of the following:
Green leaf ACT: Coartem, Combisunate, Lumartem
Non green leaf ACT (ss only): Lonart ss
Non-green leaf ACT (ds only): Camosunate, Coartem ds, Combisunate ds, Lonart ds, P-Alaxin
Non-ACT anti-malarials: Amalar, Amalar Plus
^†Prices in NGN converted to USD using average annual exchange rate in each respective year reported at knoema.com [23]

ISSN: 1475-2875