Table 3 Results of multilevel logistic regression of folding or tying up bed nets on selected variables

Individual characteristics

Gender

 Male (RC†)

1.000

–

1.000

1.000

 Female

1.107

0.792–1.548

1.456**

1.121–1.890

1.851***

1.342–2.555

Age in years

1.002

0.986–1.018

0.993

0.981–1.006

1.002

0.988–1.016

Education level

 None (RC)

1.000

–

1.000

1.000

 Primary

1.941

0.678–1.305

1.330*

1.007–1.756

1.678**

1.237–2.278

 Secondary or above

1.105

0.610–2.000

1.242

0.930–1.660

1.144

0.827–1.582

Exposure to malaria-related messages

 None (RC)

1.000

1.000

1.000

 At least one message

1.426*

1.042–1.952

1.197

0.946–1.514

1.157

0.861–1.557

Consistent ITN use

 No (RC)

1.000

1.000

1.000

 Yes

2.233***

1.557–3.202

4.575***

3.367–6.215

1.560**

1.173–2.075

Ideational variables

Positive attitudes towards net care (RC = negative attitude)

1.983*

1.112–3.535

1.850*

1.144–2.991

1.667*

1.083–2.565

Positive attitude towards the use of bed nets (RC = negative attitude)

2.079***

1.443–2.996

1.780**

1.146–2.763

0.982

0.754–1.278

Perceived severity of malaria (RC = Did not perceive)

0.893

0.643–1.240

0.616***

0.487–0.778

0.974

0.766–1.239

Perceived susceptibility for malaria (RC = Did not perceive)

1.800**

1.147–2.823

1.918***

1.460–2.520

1.297^§

0.994–1.691

In the last six months, talked to spouse/partner, friends, or relations about malaria

0.862

0.583–1.274

2.200***

1.701–2.844

0.988

0.775–1.261

Perceived response-efficacy of bed nets (RC = Did not perceive)

0.576***

0.411–0.808

1.528***

1.208–1.932

1.920***

1.471–2.506

Perceived self-efficacy for consistent use of bed nets (RC = Did not perceive)

2.166***

1.452–3.230

1.218

0.829–1.789

2.507***

1.822–3.448

Perceived consistent use of bed nets was a community norm (RC = Did not perceive)

2.017 ***

1.409–2.889

1.498**

1.164–1.928

1.367^§

0.934–2.002

Household/Community Variables

Number of de facto household residents

0.924*

0.856–0.998

1.001

0.943–1.062

1.000

0.953–1.048

Number of nets in the household

1.127§

0.978–1.300

1.172**

1.046–1.314

0.983

0.858–1.125

Household wealth quintile

 Lowest (RC)

1.000

1.000

1.000

 Second

1.155

0.713–1.871

1.797**

1.180–2.736

0.885

0.616–1.273

 Middle

1.174

0.676–2.038

2.290**

1.438–3.647

0.848

0.581–1.238

 Fourth

0.847

0.465–1.542

1.799*

1.089–2.982

1.141

0.747–1.742

 Highest

0.507§

0.255–1.007

2.004*

1/157–3.470

1.215

0.737–2.004

Type of place of residence

 Rural (RC)

1.000

1.000

1.000

 Urban

1.084

0.592–1.983

0.557**

0.371–0.838

2.13**

1.237–3.668

Region

 North region (RC)

1.000

—

—

 Far North

0.220***

0.126–0.385

Zone

 North (RC)

—

1.000

—

 Centre

0.499*

0.290–0.858

 South

0.871

0.511–1.486

 Abidjan

0.616

0.314–1.208

District

 Bo (RC)

—

—

1.000

 Port Loko

0.503***

0.342–0.739

Random Effects

Variance: Household

4.806

3.481–6.636

9.378

7.377–11.269

0.793

0.431–1.458

ICC^‡: Household

0.660

0.589–0.724

0.759

0.711–0.791

0.272

0.189–0.374

Variance: Cluster

1.571

1.002–2.464

0.999

0.636–1.565

0.435

0.247–0.768

ICC: Cluster

0.163

0.113–0.227

0.074

0.050–0.109

0.096

0.057–0.157

Number of observations

2940

6040

2730