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Table 4 Factors associated with P. falciparum and P. vivax seropositivity to any antigen in the study area, Gia Lai province (excluding Chu Puh and Chu Se districts)

From: Cross-sectional study of asymptomatic malaria and seroepidemiological surveillance of seven districts in Gia Lai province, Vietnam

Variable

Any P. falciparum antigen

Any P. vivax antigen

Seropositivity

OR (95% CI)

p-value*

Seropositivity

OR (95% CI)

p-value*

n/N

Rate (%)

n/N

Rate (%)

PCR

Negative

1163/2230

52.1

  

945/2233

42.3

  

Positive

24/49

48.9

0.88 (0.5–1.55)

0.660

17/49

34.7

0.72 (0.40–1.31)

0.287

Age group

5–9y

90/223

40.4

  

77/224

34.4

  

10–19y

11/20

55.0

1.81 (0.72–4.54)

0.208

12/20

60.0

2.86 (1.12–7.3)

0.028

20–29y

31/116

26.7

0.54 (0.33–0.88)

0.014

26/116

22.4

0.55 (0.33–0.92)

0.024

30–39y

46/75

61.3

2.34 (1.37–4.01)

0.002

38/74

51.3

2.01 (1.18–3.43)

0.010

40–49y

38/62

61.3

2.34 (1.31–4.17)

0.004

29/62

46.8

1.68 (0.94–2.97)

0.075

50–59y

17/34

50.0

1.48 (0.72–3.04)

0.290

15/34

44.1

1.51 (0.73–3.13)

0.271

60–69y

109/176

61.9

2.4 (1.6–3.61)

 < 0.001

88/177

49.7

1.89 (1.26–2.83)

0.002

Sex

Male

529/1164

45.4

  

436/1166

37.4

  

Female

658/1115

59.0

1.73 (1.46–2.04)

 < 0.001

526/1116

47.1

1.49 (1.26–1.73)

 < 0.001

Ethinicity

Kinh

91/408

22.3

  

67/408

16.4

  

Minority

1096/1871

58.6

4.93 (3.83–6.33)

 < 0.001

895/1874

47.8

4.65 (3.53–6.14)

 < 0.001

District

Chu Prong

97/327

29.7

  

59/329

17.9

  

Duc Co

147/530

27.7

0.91 (0.67–1.23)

0.544

67/530

12.6

0.66 (0.45–0.97)

0.034

Ia Grai

75/219

34.2

1.23 (0.86–1.78)

0.259

58/220

26.4

1.64 (1.09–2.47)

0.019

Krong Pa

370/603

61.4

3.76 (2.82–5.02)

 < 0.001

328/603

54.4

5.46 (3.95–7.54)

 < 0.001

Kong Chro

498/600

83.0

11.58 (8.42–15.92)

 < 0.001

450/600

75.0

13.73 (9.8–19.22)

 < 0.001

Occupation

Farmer

1015/1734

58.5

  

798/1736

46.0

  

School age

142/322

44.1

0.56 (0.44–0.71)

 < 0.001

138/323

42.7

0.88 (0.69–1.11)

0.283

Worker/Soldier

30/223

13.5

0.11 (0.07–0.16)

 < 0.001

26/223

11.7

0.16 (0.1–0.24)

 < 0.001

  1. *Univariate logistic regression
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Malaria Journal

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