Plasmodium knowlesi: the game changer for malaria eradication

Lee, Wenn-Chyau; Cheong, Fei Wen; Amir, Amirah; Lai, Meng Yee; Tan, Jia Hui; Phang, Wei Kit; Shahari, Shahhaziq; Lau, Yee-Ling

doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04131-8

Malaria Journal

Table 1 Southeast Asian countries with local knowlesi malaria cases and countries outside this region with reported cases

From: Plasmodium knowlesi: the game changer for malaria eradication

Name of countries/territories	Remarks	References
Cambodia	Two cases reported in Pailin province in 2010	[18]
Indonesia	An Australian working in forested area of South Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo (2010); case clusters in North Sumatera, Indonesia (2015)	[19, 20]
Laos	A teenage boy living in a village surrounded by forest in Attapeu province, Laos (2016)	[21]
Malaysia	120 of the 208 malaria samples collected in Kapit division, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, from 2000 to 2002 were P. knowlesi infections; 77 of the 111 samples recruited from different states in peninsular Malaysia from 2005 to 2008 were P. knowlesi infections	[5, 22]
Myanmar	Mono-infections and mixed infections involving P. knowlesi were detected in Southern Myanmar in 2008	[23]
Singapore	Soldier acquired the infection from army training in forested area in 2007	[24]
Thailand	A Thai citizen from Bangkok travelled to hilly areas of Prachuap Khiri Khan province in Southern Thailand in 2000	[25]
The Philippines	Five cases detected in the Palawan province in 2006	[26]
Vietnam	P. knowlesi infections were detected in malaria samples collected from 2004 to 2006 in Ninh Thuan province	[27, 28]
China	A case from Yunnan province verified via PCR as knowlesi malaria, reported in 2006; and the first imported case (patient travelled to tropical forests of Malaysia) in 2014	[29, 30]
Finland	Patient travelled to peninsular Malaysia in 2007	[31]
France	Patient travelled to the west coast of Thailand in 2010	[32]
Germany	Patient travelled to Thailand from 25 December 2016 to 13 January 2017, visited a number of locations in Chiang Mai and Ranong provinces	[33]
India	Mono-infections and mixed infections of P. knowlesi were detected in the Nicobar and Andaman Islands of India, from 2004 to 2010	[34]
Italy	Patient acquired the infection from a trip to the Philippines in 2016	[35]
Japan	Patient acquired the infection from a trip to peninsular Malaysia in 2012	[36]
New Zealand	Patient acquired the infection from a trip to Malaysian Borneo in 2010	[37]
Poland	Patient acquired the infection from a trip to Sumatera, Indonesia in 2018	[38]
Scotland	Patient acquired the infection from a trip to Malaysian Borneo in 2012	[39]
Spain	Patient showed symptoms after returning from a six-month-trip to Indonesia, peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam in 2009	[40]
Sri Lanka	Patient acquired the infection from forested area in peninsular Malaysia in 2016	[41]
Sweden	Patient acquired the infection from a trip to Malaysian Borneo in 2006	[42]
United States	The first reported naturally acquired P. knowlesi infection in human, acquired from a trip to peninsular Malaysia	[14]

Only the first reported natural and imported case reports from these sites were referred in this table (except for locations from a country that are geographically segregated, or closely related reports that require simultaneous referral). The non-Southeast Asian countries are presented in blue fonts, separated by a dotted line

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