Changing transmission dynamics among migrant, indigenous and mining populations in a malaria hotspot in Northern Brazil: 2016 to 2020

Table 2 Multivariable logistic regression analysis of risk factors for imported versus autochthonous malaria cases, Roraima state, 2016–2020

Characteristic		Imported Cases		Autochthonous Cases		chi-square p-value	Adjusted OR
Characteristic		no. cases	percent	no. cases	percent	chi-square p-value	AOR	95% CI	p-value
Age group (years)	0–4	633	4.13	9,380	11.87	< 0.0001	1.00
	5–9	427	2.79	9,092	11.51		0.70	0.61, 0.80	< 0.001
	10–19	1,600	10.45	17,509	22.16		0.81	0.73, 0.91	< 0.001
	20–29	4,613	30.12	14,716	18.62		1.11	1.00, 1.24	0.05
	30–39	3,946	25.77	11,625	14.71		1.13	1.01, 1.26	0.03
	40–49	2,518	16.44	8,178	10.35		1.09	0.96, 1.21	0.16
	50 +	1,576	10.29	8,526	10.79		0.88	0.78, 0.99	0.04
	Median age		30.8		22.21
Sex	Female	5,408	34.68	31,498	38.65	< 0.0001	1.00
	Male	10,184	65.32	49,989	61.34		0.88	0.84, .93	< 0.001
Race	Non-indigenous	1,488	9.54	36,650	44.98		1.00
	Indigenous	14,104	90.46	44,837	55.02		0.38	0.35, 0.41	< 0.001
Occupation	Other	2,882	18.83	26,765	36.67	< 0.0001	1.00
	Domestic	500	3.27	6,475	8.87		0.93	0.84, 1.04	0.20
	Tourism/travel	648	4.23	1,956	2.68		2.53	2.28, 2.79	< 0.001
	Mining	10,357	67.68	7,048	9.66		8.99	8.52, 9.48	< 0.001
	Timber/fishing	442	2.39	10,192	13.96		0.66	0.58, 0.75	< 0.001
	Agriculture	475	3.1	20,561	28.17		0.21	0.19, 0.24	< 0.001
Level of schooling (years)	None	806	5.7	14,596	24.09	< 0.0001	–	–
	1 to 4	2,516	17.8	13,347	22.03		–	–
	5 to 8	4,883	34.54	15,143	24.99		–	–
	9 to 11	5,137	36.34	15,878	26.2		–	–
	12 or more	795	5.62	1,634	2.7		–	–
Species	P. vivax	4,223	27.08	7,334	9.00	< 0.0001	1.00
	P. falciparum	11,369	72.92	74,153	91.00		2.08	1.96, 2.20	< 0.001
Time from symptoms to treatment	Less than 24 h	2,001	13.06	18,909	24.51	< 0.0001	1.00
	24 to 48 h	1,958	12.78	14,458	18.74		0.80	0.74, 0.87	< 0.001
	More than 48 h	11,362	74.16	43,766	56.74		0.94	0.88, 1.01	0.09

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