Table 1 Analyses, sub-analyses and exploratory analyses undertaken with detail on categorisation of the exposure of interest

Analysis 1

Biomass usage

• Cleaner (electricity, LPG, natural gas, biogas)

• Solid biomass fuels and kerosene (kerosene, coal/lignite, charcoal, wood, straw/shrubs/grass, agricultural crop, animal dung)

• Child’s age, child’s gender, birth order, Child slept under slept under mosquito net last night, modified wealth index, number of household members, place of residence, malarial endemicity, season, cluster altitude and cooking location

• Urban areas only

• Rural areas only

• Mesoendemic areas only

• Household insecticidal spraying

• Household smoking and cooking location

Analysis 2

Biomass fuel type*

• Charcoal

• Wood

• Child’s age, child’s gender, birth order, Child slept under slept under mosquito net last night, modified wealth index, number of household members, place of residence, malarial endemicity, season, cluster altitude and cooking location

• Urban areas only

• Rural areas only

• Mesoendemic areas only

• Household insecticidal spraying

• Household smoking and cooking location

Analysis 3

Cooking location^†

• Outdoors

• In a separate building

• Indoors

• Child’s age, child’s gender, birth order, Child slept under slept under mosquito net last night, modified wealth index, number of household members, place of residence, malarial endemicity, season, cluster altitude and biomass cooking fuel type

• Urban areas only

• Rural areas only

• Mesoendemic areas only

• Wood cooking only

• Household insecticidal spraying

• Household smoking and cooking location