Fig. 1

GMZ2-CAF01 study overview. Participants were allocated in five separate groups: (1) Group A (control vaccine; n = 8, (2) Group B (100 µg GMZ2-Alhydrogel; n = 12), (3) Group C (30 µg GMZ2- CAF01; n = 8), (4) Group D (100 µg GMZ2-CAF01; n = 12), and (5) Group E (100 µg GMZ2-CAF01, without subsequent CHMI; n = 10). All injections were administered intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle on study days 0, 28, and 56, in alternating sides. Thirteen weeks after receiving last completion of the immunization dose, volunteers of Groups A–D underwent CHMI by direct venous inoculation (DVI) of 3200 aseptic, purified, cryopreserved P. falciparum sporozoites (Sanaria® PfSPZ Challenge), strain NF54, to assess vaccine efficacy (VE). Group E volunteers were followed-up for 6 months post–immunization without CHMI. Small graph in the upper side corner indicates sampling time points selected to characterize T, B, and antibody breadth responses. Figure legend to the right indicates the time points designed to sample study subjects