Table 2 in vivo anti-malarial activity of Ethiopian medicinal plants
Familya | Plant species | Part (s) used | Parasitemia Inhibition with each extract and dose used for the treatment of the malaria infected mice (dose in mg/kg body weight) | Antimalarial activity | Strain of Plasmodium tested | Safe dose to non-infected mice (mg/kg body weight) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acanthaceae (2) | Adhatoda schimperiana | Root | Hydroalcoholic crude extract, 53.6% at 600Â mg/kg | Moderate | Pb | 2000 | [50] |
| Â | Acanthus polystachyus | Leave | 80% methanol extract, 49.25% (400) | Moderate | Pb ANKA | 2000 | [51] |
| Â | Acanthus polystachyus | Root | 80% methanol, 51.48% (400) | Moderate | Pb ANKA | 2000 | [64] |
Aloaceae (5) | Aloe pirottae | Latex | 80% methanol extract, 47% % at 600Â mg/kg | Moderate | Pb ANKA | 2000 | [65] |
| Â | Aloe citrina | Leave latex | Latex extract, 60.59% (400) | Good | Pb ANKA | 5000 | [66] |
| Â | Aloe weloensis | leave latex | Leave latex extract, 66.84% at 400Â mg/kg | Good | Pb | 2000 | [67] |
| Â | Aloe percrassa | Leave latex | Water extract, 73.6% (400) | Good | Pb ANKA | 5000 | [68] |
| Â | Aloe megalacantha | Leave | Leave latex extract, 56.4% (400Â mg/kg) | Moderate | Pb ANKA | 2000 | [69] |
Anacardiaceae (1) | Schinus molle | Seed | Methanol crude extract,66.91% at 400Â mg/kg | Good | Pb | 2000 | [70] |
Asclepiadaceae (1) | Periploca linearifolia | Stem bark | Methanol extract, 56.98% (600Â mg/kg) | Moderate | Pb ANKA | 2000 | [71] |
Asphodelaceae (4) | Asparagus africanus | Leave | Leave latex crude extract, 60.70% at 300Â mg/kg | Good | Pb | 1500 | [72] |
| Â | Aloe debrana | Leave | Leave latex crude extract, 75.02% at 600Â mg/kg | Good | Pb | 5000 | [52] |
| Â | Aloe macrocarpa | Leave | Leave exudate crude extract, 60% at 100Â mg/kg, 67.8% at 200Â mg/kg and 74.3% at 400Â mg/kg | Very good | Pb ANKA | 2000 | [73] |
| Â | Aloe debrana | Leave | Methanol extract, 73.95% at 600Â mg/kg | Good | Pb ANKA | 3000 | [53] |
| Â | Kniphofia foliosa | Rhizome | 80% methanol extract, 51.39% (200) and 61.52% (400) | Good | Pb ANKA | 2000 | [74] |
Asteraceae (3) | Echinops kebericho | Root | 70% ethanol, 57.29% (500Â mg/kg) | Moderate | Pb ANKA | 5000 | [75] |
| Â | Vernonia adoensis | Leave | methanol extract, 83.36% (600) | Moderate | Pb ANKA | 3000 | [76] |
| Â | Artemisia abyssinica | Aerial parts | 80% methanol, 64.7 and 82.4% at 200 and 400Â mg/kg | Good | Pb | NE | [77] |
Balanitaceae (1) | Balanites rotundifolia | Leave | 80% methanol, 67% (400) | Moderate | Pb ANKA | 2000 | [78] |
Brassicaceae (1) | Brassica nigra | Seed | 80% methanol extract, 50% (200) and 53.13% (400) | Good | Pb ANKA | NE | [79] |
Caricaceae (1) | Carica papaya | Root & Fruit | Petroleum ether fraction of fruit rind extract, 61.78% (400Â mg/kg) | Moderate | Pb ANKA | 2000 | [80] |
Combretaceae (2) | Combretum molle | Stem bark | 80% methanolic extract, 59.7% at 400Â mg/kg | Moderate | Pb | 2000 | [54] |
| Â | Terminalia brownii | Bark | Methanol crude extract, 60.2% at 400Â mg/kg | Good | Pb ANKA | 2000 | [81] |
| Â | Combretum molle | Seed | Methanol crude extract, 63.5% at 250Â mg/kg | Moderate | Pb ANKA | NE | [55] |
Cucurbitaceae (1) | Zehenria scabra | Leave | 80% methanolic extract 62.5% (100Â mg/kg), 72.85% (200Â mg/kg) and 76.01% (400Â mg/kg) | Very good | Pb | 2000 | [82] |
Euphorbiaceae (1) | Croton macrostachyus | Leave | Methanol extract 91%, Chloroform fraction, 75.9% and methanol fraction, 64.2% at 600Â mg/kg | Good | Pb ANKA | 5000 | [56] |
| Â | Croton macrostachyus | Fruit & Root | 80% methanol fruit extract, 70% (400) and 87% (600), root extract, 75% (400) and 89% (600) | Moderate | Pb ANKA | 2000 | [57] |
Fabaceae (2) | Calpurnia aurea | Leaves | hydromethanolic leave extract, 51.15% (60 mg/kg) | Very good | Pb | LD50 > 300 | [83] |
| Â | Indigofera spicata | Root | 80% methanol extract, 53.42% (600) | Moderate | Pb ANKA | NE | [84] |
Lamiaceae (2) | Clerodendrum Myricoides | Leaves | Methanol fraction, 77.24% and Ethyl acetate fraction 65.21% at 300Â mg/kg | Good | Pb | NE | [58] |
| Â | Clerodendrum myricoides | Leave | Methanol crude extract, 82.5% at 600Â mg/kg | Good | Pb ANKA | 3000 | [53] |
| Â | Ajuga remota | Leave | methanol extract, 77.34% at 100Â mg/kg | Very good | Pb ANKA | 2000 | [61] |
| Â | Strychnos mitis | Leave | Aqueous extract, 74.86% (400Â mg/kg) and 95.5% (600Â mg/kg), hydroalcoholic fraction, 81.49% (400) and 93.97% (600) | Moderate | Pb ANKA | 2000 | [85] |
Loganiaceae (1) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Menispermaceae (1) | Stephania abyssinica | Leave | 80% methanol crude extract, 45.60%, Ethyl acetate fraction, 51.44% and Chloroform fraction 55.80% at 400Â mg/kg | Moderate | Pb ANKA | NE | [86] |
Oleaceae (1) | Olea europaea | Stem bark | Methanol extract, 52.40% at 400Â mg/kg | Moderate | Pb | 2000 | [87] |
Rosaceae (1) | Hagenia abyssinica | Stem bark | Hydroalcoholic (80% methanol), 65.29% at 100Â mg/kg | Very good | Pb, ANKA | 2000 | [88] |
Rubiaceae (1) | Gardenia ternifolia | Stem bark | Methanol crude extract, 59.25% at 600Â mg/kg | Moderate | Pb | 2000 | [89] |
Rutaceae (1) | Fagaropsis angolensis | Stem bark | 80% methanol extract, 50.05% (200), 54.8% (400) and 59.7% (600) | Moderate | Pb ANKA | 2000 | [90] |
Sapindaceae (1) | Dodonaea angustifolia | Root | n-butanol fraction of methanolic root extract, 67.51% (600) | Good | Pb | 2000 | [59] |
| Â | Dodonea angustifolia | Root | Methanol crude extract, 84.52% at 600Â mg/kg | Good | Pb ANKA | 3000 | [53] |
| Â | Dodonaea angustifolia | Leave | acetate soluble portion of the 80% aqueous MeOH extract, 80.28% at 150Â mg/kg | Very good | Pb ANKA | NE | [60] |
Solanaceae (1) | Capsicum frutescens Var. Minima | Fruit | 80% methanolic crude fruit extract, 72.65 at 100Â mg/kg | Very good | Pb | 2000 | [91] |
Zygophyllaceae (1) | Balanites rotundifolia | Leave | Methanol extract, 60.59% at 500Â mg/kg | Moderate | Pb | 5000 | [92] |