Sero-prevalence of malaria and the knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to the prevention of malaria among indigenous people living in the central forest spine in Peninsular Malaysia: a mixed-methods study

Table 3 Factors significantly associated with the knowledge, attitude and practice scores on prevention of malaria

Knowledge	Mean (SD)	t test or ANOVA (F)	p-value	Post-hoc
Age
Less than 24 years	13.38 (4.79)	3.649	0.027*	25–41 years > less than 24 years
25–41 years	15.14 (4.62)
42 years and above	13.89 (5.32)
Sex
Men	14.64 (4.70)	0.813	0.417
Women	14.14 (5.03)
Ethnicity
Semai	14.26 (5.00)	1.140	0.321
Jahai	15.05 (4.88)
Temiar	13.86 (4.82)
Marital status
Married	14.41 (4.86)	− 0.776	0.439
Single, divorced or widowed	13.82 (5.17)
Education
Illiterate & informal	12.33 (5.07)	13.276	< 0.001*	Secondary and above > illiterate & informal education
Primary	14.51 (4.42)
Secondary and above	15.77 (4.63)
Employment status
Working	14.63 (4.91)	− 0.750	0.454
Not working	14.16 (4.94)
Monthly Household Income
< RM 500	14.20 (4.89)	− 1.007	0.317
≥ RM 500	15.30 (5.09)
Know someone infected with malaria
Yes	16.58 (4.02)	− 2.388	0.018*
No	14.10 (4.94)
Tested for malaria previously
Yes	15.18 (4.81)	− 4.978	< 0.001*
No	12.06 (4.48)

Attitude	Mean (SD)	t test or ANOVA (F)	p-value	Post-hoc
Age
Less than 24 years	9.96 (2.38)	4.466	0.012*	25–41 years > less than 24 years
25–41 years	10.82 (1.73)
42 years and above	10.62 (2.11)
Sex
Men	10.53 (1.92)	− 0.035	0.972
Women	10.53 (2.11)
Ethnicity
Semai	10.48 (2.01)	0.065	0.937
Jahai	10.55 (1.84)
Temiar	10.58 (2.23)
Marital status
Married	10.60 (2.07)	− 1.188	0.236
Single, divorced or widowed	10.22 (1.94)
Education
Illiterate & informal	10.08 (2.46)	3.313	0.038*	Secondary and above > illiterate & informal education
Primary	10.77 (1.59)
Secondary and above	10.72 (1.94)
Employment status
Working	10.75 (1.52)	− 1.431	0.154
Not working	10.42 (2.25)
Monthly Household Income
< RM 500	10.43 (1.55)	− 1.862	0.066
≥ RM 500	11.00 (1.28)
Know someone infected with malaria
Yes	11.25 (1.68)	− 1.805	0.072
No	10.47 (2.07)
Tested for malaria previously
Yes	10.73 (1.87)	− 2.616	0.009*
No	10.03 (2.39)

Practice	Mean (SD)	t test or ANOVA (F)	p-value
Age
Less than 24 years	8.58 (2.62)	1.822	0.164
25–41 years	8.50 (2.19)
42 years and above	7.90 (2.68)
Sex
Men	8.06 (2.34)	− 1.512	0.132
Women	8.52 (2.49)
Ethnicity
Semai	8.50 (2.32)	1.943	0.145
Jahai	8.68 (2.74)
Temiar	7.98 (2.38)
Marital status
Married	8.31 (2.36)	0.777	0.440
Single, divorced or widowed	8.64 (2.82)
Education
Illiterate & informal	8.08 (2.75)	2.309	0.101
Primary	8.17 (2.03)
Secondary and above	8.75 (2.45)
Employment status
Working	8.37 (2.37)	− 0.029	0.977
Not working	8.36 (2.49)
Monthly Household Income
< RM 500	8.60 (2.49)	0.592	0.556
≥ RM 500	8.30 (2.23)
Know someone infected with malaria
Yes	8.46 (2.59)	− 0.192	0.848
No	8.36 (2.44)
Tested for malaria previously
Yes	8.44 (2.48)	− 0.861	0.390
No	8.16 (2.37)

ISSN: 1475-2875