Table 3 Factors associated with inappropriate malaria care among 857 children under-5 years in Kaabong and Abim General Hospitals
Characteristic | Inappropriate care n (%) | Crude PR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study site | Kaabong | 249(58.2) | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
Abim | 72(16.8) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | < 0.001 | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | < 0.001 | |
Child’s age | ≥ 6 months | 292(36.9) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
< 6 months | 29(43.9) | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 0.633* | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.172 | |
History of travel prior to symptom onset | No | 299(38.5) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 22(27.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 0.360 |  |  | |
Time to care for fever | > 1 day | 258(37.8) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
≤ 1 day | 63(36.2) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.104 | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 0.062 | |
Prior treatment with anti-malarial | No | 230(36.9) | 1 | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 91(39.1) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 0.232 |  |  | |
Employment status | Unemployed | 152(39.2) | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
Informal | 163(38.0) | 1.1 (0.6–2.2) | 0.735 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.220 | |
Formal | 6(15.0) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.072 | |
Education status | None/Primary | 277(39.7) | 1 | Â | Â | Â |
Secondary/tertiary | 44(27.7) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.847 |  |  | |
Recommended anti-malarials available | Yes | 202(27.8) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
No | 119(90.8) | 2.4 (1.9–2.9) | < 0.001 | 2.1 (1.8–2.4) | < 0.001 | |
Health worker cadre | Clinical officer | 268(36.3) | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
Doctor | 46(43.4) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.732 | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | < 0.001 | |
Nursing officer | 7(53.9) | 1.8 (1.0–3.4) | 0.057 | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | < 0.001 | |
Managed by a clinician supervised in last 6 months | No | 316(39.8) | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
Yes | 5(8.1) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | < 0.001 | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) | 0.030 | |
Managed by a clinician with malaria training in last 1 year | No | 244 (49.8) | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
Yes | 77(21.0) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 0.293* | 0.9 (0.8–1.3) | 0.974 | |