Table 2 Results (adjusted odds ratio, random effects) of multilevel logistic models of consistent ITN use on selected socio-demographic, ideational, household and community variables; Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire and Sierra Leone

Sociodemographic characteristics and message exposure

 Sex

–

–

–

  Male (RC)

1.000

1.000

1.000

  Female

3.642^d

1.623^c

1.258

 Age in years

–

1.045^d

–

1.031^d

–

1.105^b

  Square of age

–

–

0.998^b

 Education level

–

–

–

  None (RC)

1.000

1.000

1.000

  Primary

1.261

0.621^d

0.568^c

  Secondary + 

1.337

0.434^d

0.589^c

 Exposure to malaria-related messages in past six months

–

0.586^b

–

1.489^c

–

1.598^c

Ideational characteristics

 Positive attitudes towards net use

–

3.171^d

–

7.593^d

–

1.455^b

 Perceived severity of malaria

–

1.361

–

0.874

–

1.115

 Perceived vulnerability to malaria

–

2.322^d

–

0.731^b

–

1.658^c

 Discussed malaria with others

–

0.874

–

2.209^d

–

0.539^d

 Perceived response efficacy of ITNs

–

0.721

–

2.005^d

–

2.013^d

 Perceived self-efficacy to use nets

–

7.026^d

–

3.951^d

–

3.246^d

 Perceived net use as a community norm

–

2.891^d

–

1.319^b

–

1.168

Household and community characteristics

 Household has at least one child under age 5

–

2.133^c

–

2.035^d

–

1.105

 Household wealth quintile

–

–

–

  Lowest (RC)

1.000

  Second

1.000

1.000

1.188

  Middle

2.152^b

0.612^b

1.184

  Fourth

4.050^c

0.517^b

0.935

  Highest

6.519^d

0.344^d

0.934

 Net supply within household

–

–

–

  Insufficient (RC)

1.000

1.000

  Sufficient

2.978^d

3.044^d

2.023^c

 Dwelling unit has completely sealed ceiling

–

0.972

–

0.578^c

–

1.091

 Urban residence (RC = rural)

–

0.532

–

0.921

–

0.459^a

 Region of residence

––

1.000

  Far North (RC)

0.067^d

  North

 Zone of Residence

–

  North (RC)

1.000

  Central

1.332

  South

1.255

  Abidjan

0.086^d

 District of residence

–

  Bo (RC)

1.000

  Port Loko

0.347^c

Random effects

 Household level variance (SE)

22.792 (6.696)

14.761 (3.142)

13.014 (1.8329)

11.047 (1.568)

1.833 (0.397)

2.114 (0.476)

 Cluster level variance (SE)

3.419 (0.857)

1.971 (0.576)

2.909 (0.576)

0.344 (0.143)

3.488 (0.687)

2.537 (0.560)

 LR Test (multilevel vs. logistic): Χ²/p

541.9/0.000

393.2/0.000

890.5/0.000

501.2/0.000

645.9/0.000

354.0/0.000

 Intraclass correlation (Household)

0.888

0.835

0.829

0.776

0.618

0.586

 Intraclass correlation (Cluster)

0.116

0.098

0.151

0.023

0.405

0.319

 Proportional change in variance (Household)

–

35.2%

–

15.1%

–

− 15.3%

 Proportional change in variance (Cluster)

42.3%

–

88.2%

27.3%

 Number of observations

2995

6164

2730