Dinuclear and mononuclear metal(II) polypyridyl complexes against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum and their mode of action

Table 6 Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ_m) of Pf3D7 and Pf5202 treated with different concentration of (1) and (3) for 12 h and 48 h

	Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ_m)
	Pf3D7				Pf5202
	Complex 1		Complex 3		Complex 1		Complex 3
	12 h	48 h	12 h	48 h	12 h	48 h	12 h	48 h
Untreated	35.1 ± 7.3	62.8 ± 23.2	35.1 ± 7.3	62.8 ± 23.2	20.0 ± 0.8	19.5 ± 3.1	20.0 ± 0.8	19.5 ± 3.1
1 µM	17.2 ± 12.8	41.1 ± 5.1	24.2 ± 1.6	45.0 ± 26.4	18.9 ± 2.8	10.4 ± 3.1	17.5 ± 2.2	19.2 ± 8.4
5 µM	29.7 ± 12.1	43.6 ± 15.0	49.3 ± 23.8	4.7 ± 2.6	17.5 ± 3.5	6.0 ± 1.8	16.6 ± 4.6	0.6 ± 0.1
25 µM	1.9 ± 1.1	0.5 ± 0.3	0.4 ± 0.2	0.1 ± 0.04	1.1 ± 0.6	1.2 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.01

Results for incubation for 48 h has a higher mitochondrial membrane potential than that 12 h due to the different life cycle of malaria and also increase in parasite growth in untreated condition. Since most of the parasite are in trophozoite or schizont and at 2% parasitaemia during seeding, so at 12 h, they will be in ring stage and parasitaemia may remained at 2%. While at 48 h, a full life cycle is back to the trophozoite or schizont stage and parasitaemia can be more than 2%

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