Table 1 Characteristics of study participants by study arm
Variable | Total cohort | Three stone | Biolite | LPG |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Household characteristics | (N = 1193) | (n = 427) | (n = 438) | (n = 328) |
 Wealth index; n (%) |  |  |  |  |
  Least poor | 234 (19.61) | 103 (24.12) | 87 (19.86) | 44 (13.41) |
  Less poor | 236 (19.78) | 82 (19.20) | 91 (20.78) | 63 (19.21) |
  Poor | 240 (20.12) | 57 (13.35) | 113 (25.80) | 70 (21.34) |
  More poor | 246 (20.62) | 91 (21.31) | 87 (19.86) | 68 (20.73) |
  Most poor | 237 (19.87) | 94 (22.01) | 60 (13.70) | 83 (25.30) |
 Home ownership | ||||
  Yes | 631 (52.89) | 192 (44.96) | 243 (55.48) | 196 (59.76) |
Maternal characteristics | (N = 1193) | (n = 427) | (n = 438) | (n = 328) |
 Age; mean (SD) | 27.99 (7.17) | 28.21 (7.60) | 28.46 (7.13) | 27.09 (6.56) |
 First pregnancy; n (%) | ||||
  Yes | 179 (15.00) | 66 (15.46) | 57 (13.01) | 56 (17.07) |
  No | 1014 (85.00) | 361 84.54) | 381 (86.99) | 272 (82.93) |
 IPTp use; n (%) | ||||
  Yes | 857 (71.84) | 320 (74.94) | 308 (70.32) | 229 (69.82) |
  No | 336 (28.16) | 107 (25.06) | 130 (29.68) | 99 (30.18) |
 Use of ITNs; n (%) | ||||
  Yes | 764 (64.04) | 239 (55.97) | 290 (66.21) | 235 (71.65) |
  No | 429 (35.96) | 188 (44.03) | 148 (33.79) | 93 (28.35) |
 Marital status | ||||
  Married | 669 (56.08) | 236 (55.27) | 256 (58.45) | 177 (53.96) |
  Living together | 376 (31.52) | 155 (36.30) | 134 (30.59) | 87 (26.52) |
  Single | 144 (12.07) | 33 (7.73) | 47 (10.73) | 64 (19.51) |
  Widowed/Divorced | 4 (1.05) | 3 (1.47) | 1 (0.23) | 0 (0.00) |
 Prenatal CO exposure | ||||
  Participants with data | 1182 (99.08) | 425 (99.53) | 435 (99.32) | 322 (98.17) |
 CO/ppm (continuous); mean (SD) | 1.32 (1.17) | 1.44 (1.32) | 1.34 (1.22) | 1.15 (0.81) |
Infant characteristics | (N = 1165) | (n = 417) | (n = 428) | N = (320) |
 Sex of baby | ||||
  Female | 578 (49.61) | 220 (52.76) | 191 (44.63) | 167 (52.19) |
  Male | 587 (50.39) | 197 (47.24) | 237 (55.37) | 153 (47.81) |
 Malaria transmission season at delivery; n (%) | ||||
  High | 784 (67.30) | 291 (69.78) | 278 (64.95) | 215 (67.19) |
  Low | 381 (32.70) | 126 (30.22) | 150 (35.05) | 105 (32.81) |
 Postnatal CO exposure | ||||
  Participants with data | 1048 (89.96) | 374 (89.69) | 385 (89.95) | 289 (90.31) |
 CO/ppm (continuous); mean (SD) | 0.94 (1.73) | 0.91 (1.20) | 1.02 (2.09) | 0.88 (1.78) |