Table 1 Socio-demographic background characteristics of ASHA participants
Variables | Mandla | Balaghat (N = 230) | Dindori (N = 184) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline (N = 220) | End line§ (N = 261) | |||
Age in years (mean ± sd) | 33.14 ± 5.3** | 35.24 ± 5.92 | 39.18 ± 6.35*** | 36.21 ± 6.05 |
Married | 220 (100.00) | 261 (100.00) | 230 (100.00) | 184 (100.00) |
No. of children (mean ± sd) | 2.26 ± 1.07*** | 1.61 ± 1.34 | 2.15 ± 0.95*** | 2.44 ± 0.91*** |
0 | 22 (10.00)*** | 92 (35.25) | 16 (6.96)*** | 7 (3.80)*** |
1 | 12 (5.45) | 12 (4.60) | 20 (8.70) | 8 (4.35) |
2 | 94 (42.73)** | 78 (29.89) | 125 (54.35)*** | 90 (48.91)*** |
> 2 | 92 (41.82)** | 79 (30.27) | 69 (30.00) | 79 (42.93)** |
Caste | ||||
SC | 13 (5.91) | 13 (4.98) | 33 (14.35)** | 18 (9.78)* |
ST | 149 (67.73) | 195 (74.71) | 60 (26.09)*** | 121 (65.76)* |
OBC | 54 (24.55) | 50 (19.16) | 132 (57.39)*** | 43 (23.37) |
GEN | 4 (1.82) | 3 (1.15) | 5 (2.17) | 2 (1.09) |
Education | ||||
Illiterate | 3 (1.36) | 3 (1.15) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
Primary | 21 (9.55)** | 47 (18.01) | 2 (0.87)*** | 3 (1.63)*** |
Middle | 117 (53.18) | 118 (45.21) | 36 (15.65)*** | 86 (46.74) |
Hr Sec | 52 (23.64) | 46 (17.62) | 62 (26.96)* | 60 (32.61)** |
Graduate | 23 (10.45) | 29 (11.11) | 85 (36.96)*** | 27 (14.67) |
Higher education | 4 (1.82)** | 18 (6.90) | 45 (19.57)*** | 8 (4.35) |
Husband’s education | ||||
Illiterate | 21 (9.55)*** | 92 (35.25) | 2 (0.87)*** | 0 (0.00)*** |
Primary | 27 (12.27) | 44 (16.86) | 3 (1.30)*** | 5 (2.72)*** |
Middle | 66 (30.00)** | 46 (17.62) | 34 (14.78) | 77 (41.85)*** |
Hr Sec | 44 (20.00)** | 23 (8.81) | 63 (27.39)*** | 61 (33.15)*** |
Graduate | 41 (18.64)* | 29 (11.11) | 86 (37.39)*** | 30 (16.30) |
Higher education | 21 (9.55) | 27 (10.34) | 42 (18.26)* | 11 (5.98) |
Other source of income | ||||
House wife | 87 (39.55)*** | 157 (60.15) | 218 (94.78)*** | 154 (83.70)*** |
Agriculture labour | 51 (23.18) | 60 (22.99) | 10 (4.35)*** | 26 (14.13)* |
Casual labour | 27 (12.27)*** | 7 (2.68) | 2 (0.87) | 3 (1.63) |
Agriculture in own land | 51 (23.18)* | 37 (14.18) | 0 (0.00)*** | 0 (0.00)*** |
Small trade | 4 (1.82)* | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.54) |
Forest produce collection | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
Husband’s occupation | ||||
Agriculture labour | 78 (35.45) | 81 (31.03) | 151 (65.65)*** | 128 (69.57)*** |
Casual labour | 59 (26.82)*** | 140 (53.64) | 41 (17.83)*** | 46 (25.00)*** |
Agriculture in own land | 63 (28.64)*** | 34 (13.03) | 6 (2.61)*** | 3 (1.63)*** |
Small trade | 8 (3.64)* | 2 (0.77) | 15 (6.52)** | 2 (1.09) |
Forest produce collection | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.54) |
Other | 12 (5.45)* | 4 (1.53) | 17 (7.39)** | 4 (2.17) |