Table 2 Malaria mortality in children under 5Â years of age, Western Kenya
Variable | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | Mortality rate per 1000 person years (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
Age | ||
 29– < 1 | 6.07 (5.10–7.22)* | 16.1 (15.1–17.1) |
 1 | 5.30 (4.45–6.31)* | 13.6 (12.8–14.5) |
 2 | 2.85 (2.36–3.43)* | 7.2 (6.6–7.9) |
 3 | 1.60 (1.31–1.97)* | 4.0 (3.5–4.5) |
 4 | 1 (ref) | 2.4 (2.0–2.8) |
Calendar year | ||
 2003 | 1 (ref) | 11.1 (9.8–12.6) |
 2004 | 1.26 (1.05–1.52)* | 14.0 (12.5–15.6) |
 2005 | 0.89 (0.73–1.09) | 9.9 (8.7–11.3) |
 2006 | 0.64 (0.52–0.79)* | 7.8 (6.7–9.0) |
 2007 | 0.34 (0.27–0.43)* | 4.9 (4.1–5.8) |
 2008 | 1.04 (0.87–1.23) | 14.9 (13.7–16.2) |
 2009 | 0.77 (0.64–0.93)* | 10.8 (9.8–11.9) |
 2010 | 0.54 (0.44–0.66)* | 7.7 (6.8–8.6) |
 2011 | 0.43 (0.34–0.53)* | 5.7 (4.9–6.5) |
 2012 | 0.45 (0.36–0.56)* | 4.9 (4.3–5.7) |
 2013 | 0.46 (0.37–0.57)* | 5.6 (4.9–6.5) |
Sex | ||
 Female | 1 (ref) | 8.5 (8.0–8.9) |
 Male | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) | 8.8 (8.4–9.3) |
Distance to health care | ||
 0–1 km | 1 (ref) | 6.4 (5.8–7.0) |
 1–2 km | 1.35 (1.21–1.51)* | 8.9 (8.3–9.5) |
 2 + km | 1.44 (1.29–1.60)* | 9.5 (9.0–10.0) |
Maternal education | ||
 None | 3.91 (1.86–8.22)* | 11.0 (8.4–14.3) |
 Primary | 3.31 (1.65–6.65)* | 9.7 (9.3–10.1) |
 Secondary | 2.20 (1.09–4.47)* | 6.0 (5.2–6.8) |
 Higher | 1 (ref) | 2.3 (1.2–4.6) |
Mother´s age | ||
  < 20 | 1 (ref) | 8.1 (7.5–8.8) |
 20–30 | 1.11 (1.00–1.22)* | 9.0 (8.6–9.5) |
  > 30 | 1.05 (0.94–1.18) | 8.6 (8.0–9.3) |
Socioeconomic status | ||
 Most poor | 1.44 (1.26–1.64)* | 11.3 (10.4–12.2) |
 Very poor | 1.30 (1.14–1.48)* | 9.8 (9.0–10.6) |
 Poor | 1.16 (1.01–1.33)* | 8.6 (7.8–9.3) |
 Less poor | 1.15 (1.00–1.32)* | 8.1 (7.4–8.9) |
 Least poor | 1 (ref) | 7.1 (6.4–7.8) |
Household size | ||
 1–2 | 1 (ref) | 9.0 (8.4–9.6) |
 3–4 | 1.02 (0.91–1.13) | 8.6 (8.1–9.2) |
 5 +  | 1.05 (0.94–1.16) | 8.7 (8.2–9.3) |
ITN ownership | ||
 None | 1.11 (0.99–1.25) | 11.8 (10.8–12.9) |
 1 or more | 1 (ref) | 10.5 (9.7–11.3) |