Table 7 Land-use classes derived from VHR imagery, with suggested open alternatives, and knowledge relating to their influence on larval habitat suitability (from literature and experts)
Land-use classes from VHR imagery | Alternative existing open product(s) | Larval habitat suitability—Sub-Saharan African cities | Larval habitat suitability—Dakar |
|---|---|---|---|
High-density planned residential areas | WUDAPT LCZ | Densely built-up areas in planned neighbourhoods decrease the life span of adult mosquitoes as they do not provide appropriate resting sites [102] | Areas where the presence of vegetation is important have higher vector densities than highly urbanized zones [10] |
Low-density planned residential areas | WUDAPT LCZ | More resting sites are likely to be found in low-density residential areas [102] | |
Deprived residential areas | n/a (WUDAPT LCZ) | Poorly-built dwellings are mostly found in deprived residential areas, and they are associated with a higher incidence of malaria [5, 97] | Entomological Inoculation Rate (EIR) is higher in deprived areas located in lowlands with a shallow water table [71] |
Non-residential areas | WUDAPT LCZ | An. gambiae being highly anthropophilic and biting between sunset and sunrise [33], non-residential areas do not generally provide suitable conditions for adult survival | An. arabiensis is highly anthropophilic [71] and uninhabited areas are thus unlikely to provide suitable conditions for adult survival |
Agricultural areas | Esri 2020 Land Cover, WorldCover | Urban agricultural areas are one of the key elements in malaria risk mapping in cities. Market gardens increase the availability of resting sites [102] | Market gardens provide suitable resting sites to adults [34] |
Non-agricultural vegetated areas | Esri 2020 Land Cover, WorldCover | An. gambiae being highly anthropophilic and biting between sunset and sunrise [33], uninhabited areas do not provide suitable conditions for adult survival | An. arabiensis is highly anthropophilic [71] and uninhabited areas are thus unlikely to provide suitable conditions for adult survival |
Non-agricultural areas with sparse or no vegetation | Esri 2020 Land Cover, WorldCover | ||
Wetlands | Esri 2020 Land Cover, WorldCover |