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Fig. 3 | Malaria Journal

Fig. 3

From: The ability of Interleukin–10 to negate haemozoin-related pro-inflammatory effects has the potential to restore impaired macrophage function associated with malaria infection

Fig. 3

The effect of haemozoin on cytokine production in vitro: Diluted whole blood from healthy volunteers were stimulated with haemozoin at a final concentration of 60 nmol/mL at 37 °C. Supernatants were collected at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. Cytokines IL-1β (A), GM-CSF (B), TNF (C), IFN-γ (D), IL-10 (E), IL-6 (F), IL-13 (G), IL-7 (H), and IL8 (I) are measured over time. The 95% confidence interval for each cytokine is reported. Asterisks show significant differences found between unstimulated blood (purple) and blood stimulated with haemozoin (blue) with multiple comparison t-test. *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.001; ***, p ≤ 0.0001; ****, p < 0.0001

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Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

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