Table 4 Predictors of failure to functional survival of LLINs over 36 months of follow up in four study regions in Ethiopia, 2015–2018
From: Durability of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in Ethiopia
Variables | CHR | (95% CI) | p value | AHRa | (95%CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residence | ||||||
 Urban | Ref. |  |  | Ref. |  |  |
 Rural | 3.79 | (2.99, 4.80) | 0.00 | 1.83 | (1.17, 2.84) | 0.01* |
Malaria transmission setting | ||||||
 Low (API < 5/1000) | 1.36 | (1.08, 1.73) | 0.01 | 1.77 | (1.22, 2.55) | 0.00* |
 Moderate (API 5—100/1000) | 1.22 | (0.97, 1.53) | 0.09 | 1.40 | (1.00, 1.96) | 0.05 |
 High (API >  = 100/1000) | Ref. |  |  | Ref. |  |  |
Household head gender | ||||||
 Male | Ref. |  |  | Ref. |  |  |
 Female | 0.70 | (0.62, 0.80) | 0.00 | 0.98 | (0.78, 1.23) | 0.84 |
 Household head mean age | 0.99 | (0.99, 1.00) | 0.00 | 1.00 | (0.99, 1.01) | 0.72 |
Educational status of head of household | ||||||
 No formal education | 1.75 | (1.39, 2.19) | 0.00 | 1.23 | (0.86, 1.77) | 0.26 |
 Primary (grade 1–6) | 1.69 | (1.34, 2.13) | 0.00 | 1.21 | (0.85, 1.72) | 0.30 |
 Secondary (grade 7–8) | 1.75 | (1.35, 2.28) | 0.00 | 1.41 | (0.93, 2.14) | 0.11 |
 High School (grade 9–10) | 1.54 | (1.17, 2.05) | 0.00 | 1.34 | (0.86, 2.08) | 0.20 |
 Above high school | Ref. |  |  | Ref. |  |  |
Exposure to information on net care and repair | ||||||
 No | Ref. |  |  | Ref. |  |  |
 Yes | 0.88 | (0.80, 0.97) | 0.01 | 0.90 | (0.75, 1.07) | 0.23 |
Knowledge about net care and repair | ||||||
 Not Adequate | Ref. |  |  |  |  |  |
 Adequate | 1.07 | (0.98, 1.16) | 0.15 | 1.04 | (0.89, 1.22) | 0.64 |
Perception towards net care and repair | ||||||
 Negative | 1.07 | (0.94, 1.20) | 0.30 | 0.92 | (0.74, 1.15) | 0.45 |
 Positive | 1.00 | (0.90, 1.12) | 0.93 | 0.96 | (0.80, 1.15) | 0.66 |
 Very positive | Ref. |  |  | Ref. |  |  |
 Mean family size (SD) | 1.06 | (1.04, 1.08) | 0.00 | 1.10 | (1.05, 1.14) | 0.00* |
Wealth index | ||||||
 Lowest | 2.35 | (2.03, 2.72) | 0.00 | 1.50 | (1.08, 2.08) | 0.01* |
 Second | 2.33 | (2.01, 2.71) | 0.00 | 1.70 | (1.26, 2.08) | 0.00* |
 Middle | 1.76 | (1.51, 2.05) | 0.00 | 1.15 | (0.86, 1.55) | 0.35 |
 Fourth | 1.64 | (1.42, 1.90) | 0.00 | 1.34 | (1.03, 1.75) | 0.03* |
 Highest | Ref. |  |  | Ref. |  |  |
House infested with rodents | ||||||
 No | Ref. |  |  | Ref. |  |  |
 Yes | 1.26 | (1.13, 1.41) | 0.00 | 1.11 | (0.92, 1.35) | 0.29 |
 Cook in sleeping rooms |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Always | 1.06 | (0.97, 1.17) | 0.21 | 1.23 | (1.01, 1.50) | 0.04* |
 Mostly | 0.95 | (0.81, 1.12) | 0.53 | 1.04 | (0.78, 1.39) | 0.78 |
 Sometimes | 0.93 | (0.81, 1.06) | 0.27 | 1.02 | (0.79, 1.33) | 0.88 |
 Never | Ref. |  |  | Ref. |  |  |
Sleeping place LLIN used over | ||||||
 Bed frame (finished) | Ref. |  |  | Ref. |  |  |
 Bed frame (sticks) | 1.95 | (1.60, 2.37) | 0.00 | 1.03 | (0.73, 1.44) | 0.87 |
Foam mattress | 0.91 | (0.57, 1.44) | 0.68 | 0.67 | (0.30, 1.52) | 0.34 |
 Reed mattress | 2.84 | (1.80, 4.46) | 0.00 | 1.61 | (0.73, 3.55) | 0.24 |
 Grass mattress | 1.91 | (1.54, 2.35) | 0.00 | 1.20 | (0.83, 1.72) | 0.33 |
 Floor with no mattress | 2.06 | (1.64, 2.60) | 0.00 | 1.09 | (0.71, 1.67) | 0.69 |
 Never used | 1.26 | (1.05, 1.51) | 0.01 | 1.36 | (0.82, 2.25) | 0.23 |
Number of nights net was used last week | ||||||
 Every night (7 nights) | Ref. |  |  | Ref. |  |  |
 Most nights (5–6 nights) | 1.27 | (0.97, 1.67) | 0.09 | 1.25 | (0.81, 1.92) | 0.31 |
 Some nights (1–4 nights) | 0.92 | (0.78, 1.09) | 0.33 | 1.10 | (0.84, 1.44) | 0.51 |
 Not used last week | 0.70 | (0.56, 0.88) | 0.00 | 0.68 | (0.43, 1.08) | 0.10 |
 Net never used at all | 0.71 | (0.65, 0.78) | 0.00 | 0.65 | (0.39, 1.07) | 0.09 |
Place net was dried | ||||||
 On a cloth line | Ref. |  |  | Ref. |  |  |
 On ground | 0.96 | (0.81, 1.13) | 0.63 | 1.11 | (0.92, 1.34) | 0.26 |
 On bush, or fence | 1.25 | (1.03, 1.52) | 0.02 | 1.09 | (0.88, 1.35) | 0.43 |