Table 3 Associated factors with a recent malaria episode (South Africa, n = 439)
| Â | Had declared at least one malaria episode from 2018 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[1] NO | [2] YES | ||||
| Â | Â | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
nw = 372 | nw = 67 | X2 p value | AOR (a) | CI 95% (b) | |
(100%) | (100%) | Â | Â | Â | |
HHould Location and housing conditions profile | |||||
 Profiles | |||||
  Missing | 2.2% | 6.1% | 0.017 | – | – |
  [1] Low income family | 54.8% | 69.7% |  | 2.619 | 1.152–5.956 |
  [2] Migrant workers | 17.7% | 10.6% |  | 1.339 | 0.438–4.099 |
  [3] High income family [ref] | 25.3% | 13.6% |  |  1 | – |
 Villages | |||||
  Bende Mutale [ref] | 50.5% | 29.9% |  < 0.001 | 1 |  |
  Doreen Farms | 43.5% | 38.8% |  | 2.302 | 1.111–4.774 |
  Nkotswi | 5.9% | 31.3% |  | 8.638 | 3.797–19.653 |
Demographic characteristics | |||||
 Sex | |||||
  Woman [ref] | 58.9% | 51.5% | 0.265 | 1 |  |
  Man | 41.1% | 48.5% |  | 1.846 | 1.006–3.388 |
 Age | |||||
   < 40 year [ref] | 63.8% | 57.4% | 0.465 |  |  |
  40–64 year | 23.9% | 30.9% |  |  |  |
   > 64 year | 12.3% | 11.8% |  |  |  |
Attitudes toward Malaria | |||||
 Fear of Malaria | |||||
  Yes | 77.2% | 86.6% | 0.084 | ns | – |
  No [ref] | 22.8% | 13.4% |  |  |  |
Opinions on life conditions | |||||
 Housing condition is as major problem | |||||
  Yes | 11.8% | 1.5% | 0.010 | 0.115 | 0.013–0.995 |
  No [ref] | 88.2% | 98.5% |  | 1 | – |
 Location is as major problem | |||||
  Yes | 43.8% | 44.8% | 0.195 | ns | – |
  No [ref] | 56.2% | 55.2% |  |  |  |
Night-times activities | |||||
 OUTSIDE at night | |||||
  Yes | 87.1% | 79.1% | 0.084 | ns | – |
  No [ref] | 12.9% | 20.9% |  |  |  |
Knowledge on Malaria | |||||
 Heard on Malaria | |||||
  Yes | 84.8% | 90.9% | 0.159 | ns | – |
 No[ref] | 15.2% | 9.1% |  |  |  |
Malaria at-risk behaviours | |||||
 OUTSIDE at night | |||||
  Yes | 88.3% | 81.8% | 0.116 | ns | – |
  No [ref] | 11.7% | 18.2% |  |  |  |
 Prevention when outside at night | |||||
  Yes | 37.9% | 27.6% | 0.088 | ns | – |
  No [ref] | 62.1% | 72.4% |  |  |  |
Night-times health behaviours | |||||
 Use spray outside at night | |||||
  Yes | 9.4% | 17.9% | 0.038 | ns | – |
  No [ref] | 90.6% | 82.1% |  |  |  |
  Sleep outside | |||||
  Yes | 57.8% | 70.1% | 0.058 | 1.813 | 0.915–3.594 |
  No [ref] | 42.2% | 29.9% |  | 1 | – |