Plasmodium falciparum infection and disease in infancy associated with increased risk of malaria and anaemia in childhood

Table 4 Adjusted^a,b linear continuous mixed effects models by malaria exposure before 6 months

	Weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) (n = 429)		Haemoglobin concentration (n = 93)
	Difference in WAZ	P-value	Difference in haemoglobin (g/dL)	P-value
Any malaria infection
Exposed	-0.21	0.06	-0.38	0.09
Infant age*exposed	0.02	0.41	-0.01	0.89
Infant age	-0.13	< 0.0001	0.30	< 0.0001
Malaria during follow-up	0.02	0.08	-0.05	0.01
Male	-0.24	0.01	–	–
Low birth weight (< 2.5 kg)	-0.50	0.01	–	–
Asymptomatic P. falciparum infection
Exposed	-0.29	0.02	-0.26	0.34
Infant age*exposed	0.01	0.47	-0.07	0.18
Infant age	-0.14	< 0.0001	0.28	< 0.0001
Malaria during follow-up	0.02	0.14	-0.03	0.18
Male	-0.27	0.01	–	–
Low birth weight (< 2.5 kg)	-0.53	0.01	–	–
Clinical malaria
Exposed	-0.06	0.69	-0.57	0.03
Infant age*exposed	0.03	0.08	0.09	009
Infant age	-0.13	< 0.0001	0.29	< 0.0001
Malaria during follow-up	0.01	0.20	-0.07	0.01
Male	0.25	0.01	–	–
Low birth weight (< 2.5 kg)	-0.49	0.01	–	–

^aModels measuring WAZ included an interaction term for infant age and exposure adjusted for malaria during follow-up, sex, and low birth weight
^b Models measuring haemoglobin included an interaction term for infant age and exposure and adjusted for malaria during follow-up

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