Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
From: Interleukin-5 levels in relation to malaria severity: a systematic review
Characteristics | N (23 studies) | % |
|---|---|---|
Year of publication | Â | Â |
 2011–2022 | 17 | 73.9 |
 2000–2010 | 6 | 26.1 |
Study designs | Â | Â |
 Cross-sectional studies | 7 | 30.4 |
 Prospective observational studies | 6 | 26.1 |
 Prospective cohort studies | 6 | 26.1 |
 Case–control studies | 4 | 17.4 |
Study areas | Â | Â |
 Africa | 15 | 65.2 |
  Ghana | 5 |  |
  Kenya | 3 |  |
  Tanzania | 2 |  |
  Benin | 2 |  |
  Malawi | 1 |  |
  Mali | 1 |  |
  Nigeria | 1 |  |
 Asia | 3 | 13.0 |
  India | 3 |  |
 America | 3 | 13.0 |
  Brazil | 3 |  |
 Europe | 1 | 4.35 |
  Spain | 1 |  |
 More than one country | 1 | 4.35 |
  Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, India, Papua New Guinea | 1 |  |
Plasmodium spp. | Â | Â |
 P. falciparum | 19 | 82.6 |
 P. vivax | 4 | 17.4 |
Participants | Â | Â |
 Children | 10 | 43.5 |
 Adults | 5 | 21.7 |
 Pregnant women | 4 | 17.4 |
 Children and adults | 4 | 17.4 |
Methods for malaria detection | Â | Â |
 Microscopy | 16 | 69.6 |
 Microscopy and PCR | 3 | 13.0 |
 Microscopy and RDT and PCR | 2 | 8.70 |
 Microscopy and RDT | 1 | 4.35 |
 Malaria antigen ELISA | 1 | 4.35 |
Methods for IL-5 quantification | Â | Â |
 Bead-based assay | 18 | 78.3 |
 ELISA | 5 | 21.7 |
Sample for cytokine measurement | Â | Â |
 Plasma | 15 | 65.2 |
 Serum | 8 | 34.8 |