Table 1 Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of children and guardians
Characteristics | All | Within 5 km | Beyond 5 km |
|---|---|---|---|
Individual-level factors | |||
Age of child in months, n (%) | (n = 4856) | (n = 2738) | (n = 2118) |
5–11 | 631 (13.0) | 350 (12.8) | 281 (13.3) |
12–23 | 1464 (30.2) | 838 (30.6) | 626 (29.6) |
24–26 | 396 (8.2) | 212 (7.7) | 184 (8.7) |
27–38 | 1386 (28.5) | 786 (28.7) | 600 (28.3) |
39–48 | 976 (20.1) | 551 (20.1) | 425 (20.1) |
Gender of child, n (%) | (n = 4732) | (n = 2660) | (n = 2072) |
Female | 2472 (52.2) | 1422 (53.5) | 1050 (50.7) |
Male | 2260 (47.8) | 1238 (46.5) | 1022 (49.3) |
Guardian characteristics | |||
Gender of guardian, n (%) | (n = 4576) | (n = 2575) | (n = 2001) |
Female | 4363 (95.3) | 2440 (94.8) | 1923 (96.1) |
Male | 213 (4.7) | 135 (5.2) | 78 (3.9) |
Age of guardian in years, n (%) | (n = 4189) | (n = 2354) | (n = 1835) |
15–19 | 376 (8.2) | 202 (7.8) | 174 (8.7) |
20–29 | 2272 (49.6) | 1243 (48.3) | 1029 (51.4) |
30–39 | 1157 (25.3) | 663 (25.8) | 494 (24.7) |
40–49 | 306 (6.7) | 187 (7.3) | 119 (5.9) |
50 + | 78 (1.7) | 59 (2.3) | 19 (1.0) |
Education level of guardian, n (%) | (n = 4576) | (n = 2575) | (n = 2001) |
No education | 673 (14.7) | 380 (14.8) | 293 (14.6) |
Primary | 3113 (68.0) | 1690 (65.6) | 1423 (71.0) |
Secondary | 742 (16.2) | 464 (18.0) | 278 (13.9) |
Tertiary | 48 (1.1) | 41 (1.6) | 7 (0.4) |
Marital status for guardian, n (%) | (n = 4576) | (n = 2575) | (n = 2001) |
Married | 3786 (82.7) | 2055 (79.8) | 1731 (86.4) |
Widowed | 102 (2.2) | 73 (2.8) | 29 (1.5) |
Divorced/separated | 541 (11.8) | 331 (12.9) | 210 (10.5) |
Never married | 122 (1.7) | 97 (3.8) | 25 (1.3) |
Other | 25 (0.6) | 19 (0.7) | 6 (0.3) |
Religion, n (%) | (n = 4576) | (n = 2575) | (n = 2001) |
CCAP | 531 (11.6) | 262 (10.2) | 269 (13.4) |
Catholic | 594 (594) | 364 (14.1) | 230 (11.5) |
Anglican | 109 (2.4) | 81 (3.2) | 28 (1.4) |
SDA | 184 (4.0) | 101 (3.9) | 83 (4.1) |
Muslim | 1310 (28.6) | 877 (34.1) | 433 (21.6) |
No religion | 60 (1.3) | 31 (1.2) | 29 (1.5) |
Apostolic | 83 (1.8) | 55 (2.1) | 28 (1.4) |
Jehovah’s witness | 75 (1.6) | 37 (1.4) | 38 (1.9) |
Other | 1630 (35.6) | 767 (29.8) | 863 (43.1) |
Household characteristics | |||
District of residence, n (%) | (n = 4563) | (n = 2569) | (n = 1994) |
Ntchisi | 199 (4.4) | 174 (6.8) | 25 (1.3) |
Lilongwe rural | 1372 (30.1) | 220 (8.6) | 1152 (57.8) |
Mchinji | 493 (10.8) | 312 (12.1) | 181 (9.1) |
Balaka | 399 (8.7) | 338 (13.2) | 61 (3.1) |
Mangochi | 800 (17.5) | 598 (23.3) | 202 (10.1) |
Machinga | 600 (13.2) | 335 (13.0) | 265 (13.3) |
Phalombe | 300 (6.6) | 249 (9.7) | 51 (2.6) |
Chikwawa | 200 (4.4) | 143 (5.6) | 57 (2.9) |
Nsanje | 200 (4.4) | 200 (7.8) | 0 (0) |
Size of household, n (%) | (n = 4563) | (n = 2569) | (n = 1994) |
≤ 4 members | 2316 (50.8) | 1237 (48.2) | 1079 (54.1) |
> 4 members | 2247 (49.2) | 1332 (51.8) | 915 (45.9) |
Community (cluster) level factors | |||
Socio-economic, n (%) | (n = 46) | (n = 31) | (n = 15) |
Lower/lowest | 27 (58.7) | 16 (51.6) | 11 (73.3) |
Middle | 5 (10.9) | 3 (9.7) | 2 (13.3) |
Higher/highest | 14 (30.4) | 12 (38.7) | 2 (13.3) |