Table 4 Structural polymorphism of CQ resistance molecular marker pvcrt-o gene in P. vivax isolates collected from Yunnan Province’ vivax malaria cases from 2020 to 2022
Order | Haplotypes | Multiplicity structure | No. of all CDSs (n = 272) No. (F, %) | Haplotype frequency between years | No. of all (n = 65) No. (F, %) | Frequency of promoter deletion | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 (n = 102) No. (F, %) | 2021 (n = 92) No. (F, %) | 2022 (n = 78) No. (F, %) | 2020 (n = 23) No. (F, %) | 2021 (n = 24) No. (F, %) | 2022 (n = 18) No. (F, %) | |||||
1 | Hap_1 | 0 | 206 (75.7) | 76 (27.9) | 73 (26.8) | 57 (21.0) | 59 (21.7%) | 20 (7.4) | 21 (7.7) | 18 (6.6) |
2 | Hap_2 | S388S | 15 (5.5) | 7 (2.6) | 2 (0.7) | 6 (2.2) | 3 (1.1%) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | 0 |
3 | Hap_6 | P13S | 2 (0.7) | – | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4 | Hap_8 | C258S | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | Hap_11 | I3V | 2 (0.7) | 2 (0.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
6 | Hap_12 | C312C | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
7 | Hap_4 | I3V/S388S | 10 (3.7) | 8 (2.9) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 0 |
8 | Hap_7 | C258S/C312C | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
9 | Hap_3 | InsK10 | 24 (8.8) | 1 (0.4) | 12 (4.4) | 11 (4.0) | 2 (0.7) | 0 | 2 (0.7) | 0 |
10 | Hap_5 | InsK10/D329D | 3 (1.1) | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 2 (0.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
11 | Hap_9 | InsK10/T344T | 4 (1.5) | 3 (1.1) | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
12 | Hap_10 | InsK10/S388S | 2 (0.7) | 2 (0.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |