Fig. 4

Expression profiles of candidate resistance genes in each selected line. Gene transcription levels were quantified by RNA-seq after 30 generations of selection. Only genes showing a significant differential transcription level between at least one selected line and the control line are shown (*: FC ≥ 1.5-fold in either direction and corrected P value ≤ 0.005). Red dots indicate genes known as contributing to insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. Black dots indicate genes affected by differential or outlier SNPs