Fig. 3

Evaluation of anti-cd-HAP IgG antibody levels in vaccinated mouse groups. The mouse groups were immunized subcutaneously with recombinant cd-HAP alone or in combination with different adjuvants, including CpG, MPL, QS-21, and CMQ (CpG/MPL/QS-21), while control groups received 1 × PBS, CPG (10 µg), MPL (10 µg), QS-21(10 µg) or CMQ mixture (5 µg of each adjuvant). Anti-cd-HAP IgG antibody levels were measured at various time points, including days 10, 24, 38, and 180, after the first immunization in each mouse group using ELISA. The total IgG antibody levels showed significant differences between different immunization time points in each vaccine group (P < 0.05, paired-sample t-test). On day 38, the anti-cd-HAP IgG antibody levels among the vaccinated mouse groups were significantly different (P < 0.0001, One-way ANOVA test), with the highest level observed in group receiving cd-HAP in combination with CMQ or QS-21 adjuvants. Multiple comparison analysis was used to identify the statistical differences between anti-cd-HAP IgG antibodies among groups on day 38 (Bonferroni post hoc test, *P < 0.0001). The bars and error bars represent the mean OD₄₅₀ values and standard deviations (SD) for individual mice in each group, respectively