Table 3 Bivariate analysis of factors influencing patients’ adherence to ACT treatment in Kamuli District
Variable | Adhered | Did not adhere | Test-statistic | p-value | 95% CI (lower, upper) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic factors | |||||
Age | Mean Diff = 2.993 | 2.258 | 0.024* | (0.391, 5.594) | |
Gender | |||||
Male | 207 (66.8) | 94 (31.2) | 0.178 | 0.673 | |
Female | 381 (70.2) | 162 (29.8) | |||
Marital status | |||||
In relationship | 370 (71.6) | 147 (28.4) | 2.276 | 0.131 | |
Not in a relationship | 218 (66.7) | 109(33.) | |||
Household size | Mean Diff = − 0.287 | − 1.442 | 0.150 | (− 0.677, 0.104) | |
Household head | |||||
Father | 451 (67.7) | 215 (32.3) | 14.484 | 0.002* | |
Mother | 79 (79) | 21 (21) | |||
Sibling | 9 (47.4) | 10 (52.6) | |||
Grandparent | 48 (82.8) | 10 (17.2) | |||
Relationship to household head | |||||
Son | 119 (71.7) | 47 (28.3) | 10.95 | 0.09** | |
Daughter | 178 (68.2) | 83 (31.8) | |||
Sibling | 8 (47.1) | 9 (52.9) | |||
Grandchild | 30 (76.9) | 9 (23.1) | |||
Grand parent | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | |||
Self | 107 (77) | 32 (23) | |||
Partner | 143 (65.6) | 75 (34.4) | |||
Socio-economic factors | |||||
Education level | |||||
Primary | 230 (73.2) | 84 (26.8) | 7.427 | 0.191 | |
Below certificate | 174 (66.7) | 87 (33.3) | |||
Certificate holder | 123 (65.4) | 65 (34.6) | |||
Diploma holder | 13 (68.4) | 6 (31.6) | |||
Masters/PGD/PhD | 4 (100) | 0 (0) | |||
No formal education | 44 (75.9) | 14 (24.1) | |||
Employment status | |||||
Formal employment | 52 (71.2) | 21 (28.8) | 35.886 | 0.000* | |
Informal employment | 217 (59.1) | 150 (40.9) | |||
Not employed at all | 319 (79) | 85 (21) | |||
Monthly income | Mean Diff = − 25.686 | − 0.001 | 0.999 | (− 40433.157, 40381.786) | |
Has transport means to facility | |||||
Yes | 425 (68.7) | 194 (31.3) | 1.043 | 0.307 | |
No | 162 (72.3) | 62 (27.7) | |||
Source of information in homestead | |||||
Radio | 335 (66.3) | 170 (33.7) | 6.866 | 0.076** | |
Television | 75 (76.5) | 23 (23.5) | |||
Both radio and television | 91 (73.4) | 33 (26.6) | |||
No | 87 (74.4) | 30 (25.6) | |||
Nature of family house | |||||
Rented | 135 (74.6) | 46 (25.4) | 5.671 | 0.129 | |
Owned—permanent | 266 (65.8) | 138 (34.2) | |||
Owned—semi permanent | 157 (72.4) | 60 (27.6) | |||
Owned—temporary | 30 (71.4) | 12 (28.6) | |||
Socio-cultural factors | |||||
Religion | |||||
Ccatholic | 130 (73.9) | 46 (26.1) | 4.723 | 0.451 | |
Anglican | 267 (69.7) | 116 (30.3) | |||
Muslim | 82 (67.2) | 40 (32.8) | |||
Born again Christian | 105 (68.2) | 49 (31.8) | |||
Traditional believer | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | |||
Seventh Day Adventist | 3 (42.9) | 4 (57.1) | |||
Prefer ACT to other antimalarials | |||||
Yes | 477 (73) | 176 (27) | 15.981 | < 0.0001* | |
No | 110 (57.9) | 80 (42.1) | |||
Perceived preference of drug formulation | |||||
Tablet | 488 (70.8) | 201 (29.2) | 5.875 | 0.053** | |
Syrup | 18 (52.9) | 16 (47.1) | |||
Injection | 51 (64.6) | 28 (35.4) | |||
Satisfied with waiting time to get service | |||||
Yes | 370 (71.3) | 149 (28.7) | 1.63 | 0.213 | |
No | 210 (67.1) | 103 (32.9) | |||
Took herbal medicine with ACT | |||||
Yes | 143 (67.5) | 69 (32.5) | 0.803 | 0.387 | |
No | 442 (70.7) | 183 (29.3) | |||
Health system factors | |||||
Patient/caregiver given instructions on how to take the medicine | |||||
Yes | 542 (71.1) | 220 (28.9) | 7.134 | 0.011* | |
No | 46 (56.8) | 35 (43.2) | |||
Patient took first dose of ACT at the facility under observation of health worker | |||||
Yes | 75 (68.8) | 34 (31.2) | 0.044 | 0.824 | |
No | 513 (69.8) | 222 (30.2) | |||
A qualified health worker saw patient | |||||
Yes | 524 (70) | 225 (30) | 0.085 | 0.81 | |
No | 63 (68.5) | 29 (31.5) | |||
ACT package used as visual aid for instructions | |||||
Yes | 323 (67.9) | 153 (32.1) | 1.960 | 0.173 | |
No | 264 (72.3) | 101 (27.7) | |||
Know right dosage of ACT | |||||
Yes | 508 (70.4) | 214 (29.6) | 1.260 | 0.286 | |
No | 79 (65.3) | 42 (34.7) | |||
Satisfied with getting ACT medicine at facility | |||||
Yes | 515 (74.9) | 173 (25.1) | 48.261 | < 0.0001* | |
No | 72 (46.5) | 83 (53.5) | |||
Patient present with fever | |||||
Yes | 569 (69.7) | 247 (30.3) | 0.045 | 0.836 | |
No | 19 (67.9) | 9 (32.1) | |||
Malaria diagnostic method | |||||
Microscopy | 308 (70) | 132 (30) | 1.122 | 0.571 | |
RDT | 277 (69.6) | 121 (47.3) | |||
Both | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | |||
Patients know the ACT prescribed | |||||
Yes | 465 (67.9) | 220 (32.1) | 5.483 | 0.019* | |
No | 123 (77.4) | 36 (22.6) | |||
Participant ever saved ACT medicines (history of saving ACT) | |||||
Yes | 77 (51.7) | 72 (48.3) | 39.242 | < 0.0001* | |
No | 178 (25.7) | 515 (74.3) | |||
Participant ever shared ACT medicines | |||||
Yes | 67 (50.8) | 65 (49.2) | 30.893 | < 0.0001* | |
No | 189 (26.5) | 523 (73.5) | |||