Table 1 Summary and key findings included articles

Metaphase karyotypes

Baimai et al. 1996^a

Anopheles subgenus Cellia from Thailand, Indonesia, Filipina, and Bangladesh, for An. vagus sample from Thailand (Songkhla and Nakhon Nayok province)

Two forms of isoline F1 An. vagus progeny: form A from southern Thailand Chiangmai and Songkhla; form B from Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand

[33]

Intraspecific hybridization

Choocote et al. 2002^a

An. vagus from San Sai and San Kamphaeng Districts, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand

All crosses yielded viable progeny, with no evidence of genetic incompatibility between An. vagus forms A and B from a different area (allopatric). The eggs of An. vagus forms A and B were morphometrically and morphologically identical

[34]

Polytene chromosome and molecular

Paul & Banerjee, 2016^b

An.vagus from west Bengal, India

An. vagus from a different area (allopatric) in west Bengal has a different arm structure of the polytene chromosome, with the presence of tetramers, pentamers, polymers, and the absence of repeats in the ITS2 sequence

[40]

Morphology

Jagdish Kaur, 2015^b

An. vagus and An. fluviatilis from Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, and Himachal Pradesh, India

Thirteen morphological variations were observed in the ornamentation of the wings and palpi (7 variations in the wings and palpi of An. vagus and 6 wing variations in An. fluviatilis (both from allopatric and sympatric area)

[41]

Morphology

Wahyuni et al. 2018^b

An. vagus vagus and An. vagus limosus from Banyuwangi East Java, Indonesia

An. vagus found in Bangsring Village does not have a combination variation in the proboscis and prehumeral wings. An. vagus vagus is characterized by unspotted legs, a proboscis with pale bands, and prehumeral wings with pale bands between two dark bands, whereas An. vagus limosus has characteristic unspotted legs, a dark overall proboscis, and prehumeral wings with dark bands; there is no mixed combination of these characteristics between the two species

[42]

Morphology and ecology

Siti Alfiah & Mujiyono, 2014^b

An.vagus from Semarang, Central Java Indonesia

The variations were in the size and the number of hair branches and filaments. This variation in the intra and interpopulation An. vagus in fresh and brackish water was caused by the difference in geographical location (allopatric speciation)

[43]

Morphology, ecology, and molecular

Cooper et al. 2010^a

Anopheles spp from Dili East Timor

Analysis of ITS2 and Cyt b revealed the An. vagus genotype A (mainly found inland and genetically similar to An. subpictus) and An. vagus genotype B (dominant in HLC and + sporozoite, mainly found on the coast and brackish water genetically similar to An. sundaicus)

[44]

Morphology and molecular

Zarowiecki et al. 2011^a

An. vagus from 18 populations in 10 countries in mainland Asia and Southeast Asia

Analysis of COI (Cytochrome Oxidase I) and ITS2 (Internal Transcribed Spacer 2) revealed that An. vagus appears to reflect a highly diverse, monospecific, widespread taxon distributed in Sri Lanka and India throughout mainland and Southeast Asia, except Java and East Timor (An. vagus FJ654649), which forms a distinct genetic lineage with the sample from other regions. There is some degree of east–west genetic differentiation in An. vagus along the Thai-Myanmar border due to historical allopatric fragmentation

[45]

Zomuanpuii et al. 2013^a

Anopheles subgenus Cellia (10 species) from 5 districts in Mizoram, India

Analysis of ITS2: An. vagus had the longest ITS2 regions but possesses low repeats and polynucleotide microsatellites (no dimer repeats found in An. vagus)

[46]

Paul et al. 2015^b

An. vagus and An. subpictus from Morga India

3 different palp types from two seasons (summer and monsoon) in 7 samples; An. vagus is genetically similar to An. subpictus

[47]

Davidson et al. 2020^a

Anopheles spp from Karama, West Sulawesi Indonesia

Analysis of COI and ITS2 sequence: 2 distinct groups identified as An. vagus (AN4 and AN5) from this sympatric area, with An. vagus (AN4) more closely related to An. sundaicus (AN17) and An. vagus (AN5) more closely related to An. subpictus

[35]

Senjarini et al. 2021^b

An. vagus vagus and An. vagus limosus from Banyuwangi, East Java Indonesia

Analysis of ITS2 sequence: An. vagus vagus and An. vagus limosus closely related to An. vagus FJ654649 and were in the same clade

[36]

Senjarini et al. 2021^a

Anopheles spp from Banyuwangi, East Java Indonesia

Analysis of Sma-ITS 2: An. vagus vagus, An.vagus limosus, and An. indefinitus formed a single clade with no clear boundaries between An. vagus vagus and An. vagus limosus

[37]

Zhang et al. 2022^a

Anopheles spp. from the Cambodia-Laos border

An. vagus was the dominant species but only 12 An.vagus were randomly investigated by molecular analysis of ITS 2 and the COII sequence: all are not genetically distinct An. vagus-like species

[38]

Hasanah et al. 2022^a

An. vagus, An. subpictus, An. sundaicus, and An. aconitus from basring village Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia

Analysis of ITS2 sequence: An. vagus and An. aconitus were monophyletic and An. subpictus and An. sundaicus were polyphyletic

[39]