Bell G: The masterpiece of nature: The evolution and genetics of sexuality. 1982, Berkeley: University of California Press
Google Scholar
Otto SP, Lenormand T: Resolving the paradox of sex and recombination. Nat Rev Genet. 2002, 3: 252-261. 10.1038/nrg761.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eichner M, Diebner HH, Molineaux L, Collins WE, Jeffery GM, Dietz K: Genesis, sequestration and survival of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: parameter estimates from fitting a model to malariatherapy data. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2001, 95: 497-501. 10.1016/S0035-9203(01)90016-1.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Day KP, Hayward RE, Dyer M: The biology of Plasmodium falciparum transmission stages. Parasitology. 1998, 116: S95-S109. 10.1017/S0031182097002370.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Robert V, Boudin C: Biologie de la transmission homme-moustique du Plasmodium. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2003, 96: 6-20.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kitchen SF, Putnam P: Observations on the mechanism of the parasite cycle in falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med. 1942, 22: 381-386.
Google Scholar
Kitchen SF: Falciparum malaria. In Malariology. Edited by: Boyd MF. 1949, Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 995-1016.
Google Scholar
Sinden RE: Sexual development of malaria parasite. Adv Parasitol. 1983, 22: 153-216.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carter R, Graves PM: Gametocytes. In Malaria. Principles and practise of malariology. Edited by: Wernsdorfer WH & Mc Gregor I. 1988, Edinburgh, Scotland, Churchill Livingstone, 1-59.
Google Scholar
Smalley ME, Sinden RE: Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes their longevity and infectivity. Parasitology. 1977, 74: 1-8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Garnham PCC: Malaria parasites and other haemosporisia. 1966, Oxford (UK): Blackwell Scientific
Google Scholar
Bruce MC, Alano P, Duthie S, Carter R: Commitment of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to sexual and asexual development. Parasitology. 1990, 100: 191-200.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Smith TG, Lourenço P, Carter R, Walliker D, Ranford-Cartwright LC: Commitment to sexual differentiation in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitology. 2000, 121: 127-133. 10.1017/S0031182099006265.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Silvestrini F, Alano P, Williams JL: Commitment to the production of male and female gametocytes in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitology. 2000, 121: 465-471. 10.1017/S0031182099006691.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Field JW, Shute PG: The microscopic diagnostic of human malaria. In A morphological study of the erythrocytic parasites. 1956, Kuala Lumpur: Government Press, 142-
Google Scholar
Hawking F, Wilson ME, Gammage K: Evidence for cyclic short-lived maturity in the gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1971, 65: 549-559. 10.1016/0035-9203(71)90036-8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Langreth SG, Jensen JB, Reese RT, Trager W: Fine structure of human malaria in vitro. J Protozool. 1978, 25: 443-452.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sinden RE: Gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro: an electron microscopic study. Parasitology. 1982, 84: 1-11.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sauerwein RW, Eling WMC: Sexual and sporogenic stage antigens. Chem Immunol. 2002, 80: 188-203.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Graves PM, Wirtz RA, Carter R, Burkot TR, Looker M, Targett GA: Naturally occurring antibodies to an epitope on Plasmodium falciparum gametes detected by monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Infect Immun. 1988, 56: 2818-2821.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Waters AP, Syin C, McCutchan TF: Developmental regulation of stage-specific ribosome population in Plasmodium. Nature. 1989, 342: 238-250. 10.1038/342438a0.
Google Scholar
McCutchan TF, Li J, McConkey GA, Rogers MJ, Waters AP: The cytoplasmic ribosomal RNAs of Plasmodium spp. Parasitol Today. 1995, 11: 134-138. 10.1016/0169-4758(95)80132-4.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lasonder E, Ishiham Y, Andersen JS, Vermunt AMW, Pain A, Sauerwein RW, Eling WMC, Hall N, Waters AP, Stunnenberg HG, Mann M: Analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum proteome by high-accuracy mass spectrometry. Nature. 2002, 419: 537-542. 10.1038/nature01111.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Florens L, Washburn MP, Raine JD, Anthony RM, Grainger M, Haynes JD, Moch JK, Muster N, Sacci JB, Tabb DL, Witney AA, Wolters D, Wu Y, Gardner MJ, Holder AA, Sinden RE, Yates JR, Carucci DJ: A proteomic view of the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle. Nature. 2002, 419: 520-526. 10.1038/nature01107.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Alano P, Carter R: Sexual differentiation in malaria parasites. Ann Rev Microbiol. 1990, 44: 429-449. 10.1146/annurev.mi.44.100190.002241.
CAS
Google Scholar
Gardner MJ, Shallom SJ, Carlton JM, Salzberg SL, Nene V, Shoaibi A, Ciecko A, Lynn J, Rizzo M, Weaver B, Jarrahi B, Brenner M, Parvizi B, Tallon L, Moazzez A, Granger D, Fujii C, Hansen C, Pederson J, Feldblyum T, Peterson J, Suh B, Angiuoli S, Pertea M, Allen J, Selengut J, White O, Cummings LM, Smith HO, Adams MD, Venter JC, Carucci DJ, Hoffman SL, Fraser CM: Sequence of Plasmodium falciparum chromosomes 2,10,11 and 14. Nature. 2002, 419: 531-534. 10.1038/nature01094.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bozdech Z, Llinás M, Pulliam BL, Wong ED, Zhu J, DeRisi JL: The transcriptome of the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle of Plasmodium falciparum. PLOS Biology. 2003, 1: 85-100. 10.1371/journal.pbio.0000005.
CAS
Google Scholar
Janse CJ, Ponnudurai T, Lensen AHW, Meuwissen JHE, Ramesar J, Van Der Ploeg M, Overdulve JP: DNA synthesis in gametocyte of Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitology. 1988, 96: 1-7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Janse CJ, Waters AP: Sexual development of malaria parasites. In Malaria parasites: genomes and molecular biology. Edited by: Waters AP, Janse CJ. 2004, Leiden: Caister Academic Press, chap 14-
Google Scholar
Janse CJ, Van Der Klooster PFJ, Van Der Kaay HJ, Van Der Ploeg M, Overdulve JP: DNA synthesis in Plasmodiun berghei during asexual and sexual development. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1986, 20: 173-183. 10.1016/0166-6851(86)90029-0.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sinden RE: Mitosis and Meiosis in malarial parasites. Acta Leidensa. 1991, 60: 19-27.
CAS
Google Scholar
Shaw MK, Thompson JT, Sinden RE: Localization of ribosomal RNA and Pbs21-mRNA in the sexual stages of Plasmodium berghei using electron microscope in situ hybridization. EurJ Cell Biol. 1996, 71: 270-276.
CAS
Google Scholar
Vizioli J, Catteruccia F, della Torre A, Reckmann I, Mailer HM: Blood digestion in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Eur J Biochem. 2001, 268: 4027-4035. 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02315.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Geary TG, Divo AA, Bonanni LC, Jensen JB: Nutritional requirements of Plasmodium falciparum in culture. III. Further observations on essential nutrients and antimetabolites. J Protozool. 1985, 32: 608-613.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Riandey MF, Sannier C, Peltre G, Monteny N, Cavaleyra M: Lactate dehydrogenase as a marker of Plasmodium infection in malaria vector Anopheles. J Am Mosq Con Assoc. 1996, 12: 194-198.
CAS
Google Scholar
Krungkrai J, Burat D, Kudan S, Krungkrai SR, Prapunwattana P: Mitochondrial oxygen consumption in asexual and sexual blood stages of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. S Asian J Trop Med Pub Health. 1999, 30: 636-642.
CAS
Google Scholar
Lanners HN: Effect of the 8-aminoquinoline primaquine on culture-derived gametocytes of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitol Res. 1991, 77: 478-481.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kawai S, Kano S, Suxuki M: Morphologic effects of arthemeter on Plasmodium falciparum in Aotus trivirgatus. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1993, 49: 812-818.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eckstein-Ludwig U, Webb RJ, van Goethem IDA, East JM, Lee AG, Kimura M, O'Neil PM, Bray PG, Ward SA, Krishna S: Artemisinins target the SERCA of Plasmodium falciparum. Nature. 2003, 424: 957-961. 10.1038/nature01813.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Petmir S, Krungkrai J: Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in two developmental stages of human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. S Asian J Trop Med Pub Health. 1995, 26: 600-605.
Google Scholar
Learngaramkul P, Petmir S, Krungkrai SR, Prapunwattana P, Krungkrai J: Molecular characterisation of mitochondria in asexual and sexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Cell Biol Res Commun. 1999, 2: 15-20. 10.1006/mcbr.1999.0145.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krungkrai J, Prapunwattana P, Krungkrai SR: Ultrastructure and function of mitochondria in gametocytic stage of Plasmodium falciparum. Parasite. 2000, 7: 19-26.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Unnasch NL, Murphy AD: Metabolic changes of the malaria parasite during the transition from the human to the mosquito host. Ann Rev Microbiol. 1998, 52: 561-590. 10.1146/annurev.micro.52.1.561.
Google Scholar
Fleck SL, Pudney M, Sinden RE: The effect of atovaquone (566C80) on the maturation and viability of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in vitro. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1996, 90: 309-312. 10.1016/S0035-9203(96)90266-7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Clements AN: The circulatory system. In The biology of mosquitoes. Edited by: Clements AN. 1984, London: Chapman and Hall, 1: 195-205.
Google Scholar
Hayward RE: Plasmodium falciparum phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is developmentally regulated in gametocytes. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2000, 107: 227-240. 10.1016/S0166-6851(00)00191-2.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rosenthal PJ, Meshnick SR: Hemoglobin processing and the metabolism of amino acids, heme, and iron. In Malaria: parasite biology, pathogenesis, and protection. Edited by: Sherman IW. 1998, Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology Press, 145-158.
Google Scholar
MacPherson GG, Warrell MJ, White NJ, Looareesuwan S, Warrell DA: Human cerebral malaria. A quantitative ultrastructural analysis of parasitised erythrocyte sequestration. Am J Pathol. 1985, 119: 385-401.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Howard RJ: Malarial proteins at the membrane of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes and their involvement in adhesion to endothelial cells. Prog Allergy. 1988, 41: 98-147.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thomson JG, Robertson A: The structure and development of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in the internal organs and peripheral circulation. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1935, 29: 31-40. 10.1016/S0035-9203(35)90015-3.
Google Scholar
Smalley ME, Abdalla S, Brown J: The distribution of Plasmodium falciparum in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of Gambian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1980, 75: 103-105. 10.1016/0035-9203(81)90019-5.
Google Scholar
Lensen A, Bril A, van de Vegte M, van Gemert GJ, Eling W, Sauerwein R: Plasmodium falciparum: infectivity of cultured, synchronized gametocytes to mosquitoes. Exp Parasitol. 1999, 91: 101-103. 10.1006/expr.1998.4354.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Barnwell JW, Asch AS, Nachman RL, Yamaya M, Aikawa M, Ingravallo P: A human 88-kD membrane glycoprotein (CD36) functions in vitro as a receptor for a cytoadherence ligand on Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. J Clin Invest. 1989, 84: 765-772.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ockenhouse CF, Tandon NN, Magowan C, Jamieson GA, Chulay JD: Identification of a platelet membrane glycoprotein as a falciparum malaria sequestration receptor. Science. 1989, 243: 1469-1471.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roberts DD, Sherwood JA, Spitalnik SL, Panton LJ, Howard RJ, Dixit VM, Frazier WA, Miller LH, Ginsburg V: Thrombospondin binds falciparum malaria parasitised erythrocytes and may mediate adhesion. Nature. 1985, 318: 64-66.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Berendt AR, Simmons DL, Tansey J, Newbold Cl, Marsh K: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is an endothelial cell adhesion receptor for Plasmodium falciparum. Nature. 1989, 341: 57-59. 10.1038/341057a0.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ockenhouse CF, Tegoshi T, Maeno Y, Benjamin C, Ho M, Kan KE, Thway Y, Win K, Aikawa M, Lobb RR: Human vascular endothelial cell adhesion receptors for Plasmodium falciparum – infected erythrocytes: roles for ELAM-1 and VCAM-1. J Exp Med. 1992, 176: 1183-1189. 10.1084/jem.176.4.1183.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sherman IW, Eda S, Winograd E: Cytoadherence and sequestration in Plasmodium falciparum : defining the ties that bind. Microb Infect. 2003, 5: 897-909. 10.1016/S1286-4579(03)00162-X.
CAS
Google Scholar
Baruch Dl, Gormely JA, Ma C, Howard RJ, Pasloske BL: Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 is a parasitized erythrocyte receptor for adherence to CD36, thrombospondin, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996, 93: 3497-3502. 10.1073/pnas.93.8.3497.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baruch Dl, Pasloke BL, Singh HB, Bi X, Ma XC, Feld-man M, Taraschi TF, Howard RJ: Cloning the Plasmodium falciparum gene encoding PfEMP1, a malarial variant antigen and adherence receptor on the surface of parasitized human erythrocytes. Cell. 1995, 82: 77-87. 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90054-3.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Su XZ, Heatwole VM, Wertheimer SP, Guinet F, Herrfeldt JA, Peterson DS, Ravetch JA, Wellems TE: The large diverse gene family var encodes proteins involved in cytoadherence and antigenic variation of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes. Cell. 1995, 82: 89-100. 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90055-1.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Day KP, Hayward RE, Smith D, Culvenor JG: CD36-dependent adhesion and knob expression of the transmission stages of Plasmodium falciparum is stage-specific. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1998, 93: 167-177. 10.1016/S0166-6851(98)00040-1.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Piper KP, Hayward RE, Cox MJ, Day KP: Malaria transmission and naturally acquired immunity to PfEMP-1. Infect Immun. 1999, 67: 6369-6374.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Smith TG, Serghides L, Patel SN, Febbraio M, Silverstein RL, Kain KC: CD36-mediated nonopsonic phagocytosis of erythrocytes infected with stage I and IIA gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum. Infect Immun. 2003, 71: 393-400. 10.1128/IAI.71.1.393-400.2003.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Day KP, Karamalis F, Thompson J, Barnes DA, Peterson C, Brown H, Brown GV, Kemp DJ: Genes necessary for expression of a virulence determinant and for transmission of Plasmodium falciparum are located on a 0.3 megabase region of chromosome 9. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993, 90: 8292-8296.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hayward RE, Tiwari B, Piper KP, Baruch Dl, Day KP: Virulence and transmission success of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999, 96: 4563-4568. 10.1073/pnas.96.8.4563.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rogers NJ, Hall BS, Obiero J, Targett GAT, Sutherland CJ: A Model for sequestration of the transmission stages of Plasmodium falciparum : Adhesion of gametocytes-infected erythrocytes to human bone marrow cells. Infect Immun. 2000, 68: 3455-3462. 10.1128/IAI.68.6.3455-3462.2000.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nacher M: Does the shape of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes have a function?. Med Hypotheses. 2004, 62: 618-619. 10.1016/j.mehy.2003.11.011.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chin W, Collins WE: Comparative studies of three strains of Plasmodium falciparum isolated by the culture method of Trager and Jensen. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1980, 29: 1143-1146.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brockelman CR: Conditions favouring gametocytogenesis in the continuous culture of Plasmodium falciparum. J Protozool. 1982, 29: 454-458.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Graves PM, Carter R, McNeil KM: Gametocyte production in cloned lines of Plasmodium falciparum. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1984, 33: 1045-1050.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bhasin VK, Trager W: Gametocyte-forming and non-gametocyte-forming clones of Plasmodium falciparum. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1984, 33: 534-537.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jeffery GM: Observations on a gametocyteless strain of Plasmodium falciparum. J Nat Malaria Soc. 1951, 10: 337-344.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kemp DJ, Thompson J, Barnes DA, Triglia T, Karamalis F, Petersen C, Brown GV, Day KP: A chromosome 9 deletion in Plasmodium falciparum results in loss of cytoadherence. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1992, 87 (Suppl 3): 85-89.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lobo CA, Fujioka H, Aikawa M, Kumar N: Disruption of the Pfg27 locus by homologous recombination leads to loss of sexual of the sexual phenotype in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Cell. 1999, 3: 793-798. 10.1016/S1097-2765(01)80011-3.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ono T, Nakabayashi T: Gametocytogenesis induction by ammonium compounds in cultured Plasmodium falciparum. Int J Parasitol. 1990, 2: 615-618. 10.1016/0020-7519(90)90118-7.
Google Scholar
Ono T, Ohnishi Y, Nagamune K, Kano M: Gametocytogenesis induction by Berenil in cultured Plasmodium falciparum. Exp Parasitol. 1993, 77: 74-78. 10.1006/expr.1993.1062.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carter R, Miller LH: Evidence for environmental modulation of gametocytogenesis in Plasmodium falciparum in continuous culture. Bull World Health Organ. 1979, 57 (Suppl 1): 37-52.
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dyer M, Day KP: Commitment to gametocytogenesis in Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitol Today. 2000, 16: 102-107. 10.1016/S0169-4758(99)01608-7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Motard A, Marussig M, Renia L, Baccam D, Landau I, Mattei D, Targett G, Mazier D: Immunization with the malaria heat shock like protein hsp70-1 enhances transmission to the mosquito. Int Immunol. 1995, 7: 147-150.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Buckling A, Read AF: The effect of partial host immunity on the transmission of malaria parasites. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2001, 68: 2325-2330. 10.1098/rspb.2001.1808.
Google Scholar
Smalley ME, Brown J: Plasmodium falciparum gametocytogenesis stimulated by lymphocytes and serum from infected Gambian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1981, 75: 316-317. 10.1016/0035-9203(81)90348-5.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ono T, Nakai T, Nakabayashi T: Induction of gametocytogenesis in Plasmodium falciparum by the culture supernatant of hybridoma cells producing anti-P. falciparum antibody. Biken J. 1986, 29: 7781-7786.
Google Scholar
Lingnau A, Margos G, Maier WA, Seitz HM: The effects of hormones on gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Appl Parasitol. 1993, 4: 153-160.
Google Scholar
Trager W, Gill GS: Enhanced gametocyte formation in young erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. J Protozool. 1992, 39: 429-432.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Trager W, Gill GS, Lawrence C, Nagel RL: Plasmodium falciparum: enhanced gametocyte formation in vitro in reticulocyte-rich blood. Exp Parasitol. 1999, 91: 115-118. 10.1006/expr.1998.4347.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Drakeley C, Secka I, Correa S, Greenwood BM, Targett GA: Host haematological factors influencing the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes to Anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes. Trop Med Int Health. 1999, 4: 131-138. 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1999.00361.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Price R, Nosten F, Simpson JA, Luxemburger C, Phaipun L, ter Kuile F, van Vugt M, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, White NJ: Risk factors for gametocyte carriage in uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999, 60: 1019-1023.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hogh B, Gamage-Mendis A, Butcher GA, Thompson R, Begtrup K, Mendis C, Enosse SM, Dgedge M, Barreto J, Eling W, Sinden RE: The differing impact of chloroquine and pyrimethamine/ sulfadoxine upon the infectivity of malaria species to the mosquito vector. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998, 58: 176-82.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Buckling A, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Miles A, Read AF: Chloroquine increases Plasmodium falciparum gametocytogenesis in vitro. Parasitology. 1999, 118: 339-346. 10.1017/S0031182099003960.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Talman AM, Paul REL, Sokhna CS, Domarle O, Ariey F, Trape J-F, Robert V: Influence of chemotherapy on Plasmodium gametocytes sex ratio Of Mice and Men. Am J Trop Med Hyg.
Sokhna CS, Trape J-F, Robert V: Gametocytaemia in Senegalese children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria treated with chloroquine, amodiaquine or sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine. Parasite. 2003, 8: 243-250.
Google Scholar
Puta C, Manyando C: Enhanced gametocyte production in Fansidar-treated Plasmodium falciparum malaria patients: implications for malaria transmission control programmes. Trop Med Int Health. 1997, 2: 227-229. 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-267.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Robert V, Read AF, Essong J, Tchuinkam T, Mulder B, Verhave JP, Carnevale P: Effect of gametocyte sex ratio on infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum to Anopheles gambiae. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1996, 90: 621-624. 10.1016/S0035-9203(96)90408-3.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Drakeley CJ, Jawara M, Targett GA, Walraven G, Obisike U, Coleman R, Pinder M, Sutherland CJ: Addition of artesunate to chloroquine for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gambian children causes a significant but short-lived reduction in infectiousness for mosquitoes. Trop Med Int Health. 2004, 9: 53-61. 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01169.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dutta GP, Bajpai R, Vishwakarma RA: Artemisinin (qinghaosu) – a new gametocytocidal drug for malaria. Chemotherapy. 1989, 35: 200-207.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Targett G, Drakeley C, Jawara M, von Seidlein L, Coleman R, Deen J, Pinder M, Doherty T, Sutherland C, Walraven G, Milligan P: Artesunate reduces but does not prevent posttreatment transmission of Plasmodium falciparum to Anopheles gambiae. J Infect Dis. 2001, 183: 1254-1259. 10.1086/319689.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kaushal DC, Carter R, Miller LH, Krishna G: Gametocytogenesis by malaria parasites in continuous culture. Nature. 1980, 286: 490-492.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Inselburg J: Stage-specific inhibitory effect of cyclic AMP on asexual maturation and gametocyte formation of Plasmodium falciparum. J Parasitol. 1983, 69: 592-597.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Trager W, Gill GS: Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte formation in vitro: its stimulation by phorbol diesters and by 8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate. J Protozool. 1989, 36: 451-454.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Read LK, Mikkelsen RB: Comparison of adenylate cyclase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase in gametocytogenic and nongametocytogenic clones of Plasmodium falciparum. J Parasitol. 1991, 77: 346-352.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dyer M, Day KP: Expression of Plasmodium falciparum trimeric G proteins and their involvement in switching to sexual development. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2000, 110: 437-448. 10.1016/S0166-6851(00)00288-7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Muhia DK, Swales CA, Eckstein-Ludwig U, Saran S, Polley SD, Kelly JM, Schaap P, Krishna S, Baker DA: Multiple splice variants encode a novel adenylyl cyclase of possible plastid origin expressed in the sexual stage of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. J Biol Chem. 2003, 278: 22014-22022. 10.1074/jbc.M301639200.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li JL, Targett GA, Baker DA: Primary structure and sexual stage-specific expression of a LAMMER protein kinase of Plasmodium falciparum. Int J Parasitol. 2001, 31: 387-392. 10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00126-6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Taylor LH, Walliker D, Read AF: Mixed-genotype infections of the rodent malaria Plasmodium chabaudi are more infectious to mosquitoes than single-genotype infections. Parasitology. 1997, 115: 121-132. 10.1017/S0031182097001145.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thomson D: A research into the production, life and death of crescents in malignant tertian malaria in treated and untreated cases, by an enumerative method. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1911, 5: 57-82.
Google Scholar
Williams JL: Stimulation of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytogenesis by conditioned medium from parasite cultures. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999, 60: 7-13.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dyer M, Day KP: Regulation of the rate of asexual growth and commitment to sexual development by diffusible factors from in vitro cultures of Plasmodium falciparum. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003, 68: 403-409.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schneweis S, Maier WA, Seitz HM: Haemolysis of infected erythrocytes – a trigger for formation of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes?. Parasitol Res. 1991, 77: 458-460.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stephens JWW, Christophers SR: The practical study of malaria. 1908, London: University Press of Liverpool
Google Scholar
Burkot T, Williams JL, Schneider I: Infectivity to mosquitoes of Plasmodium falciparum clones grown in vitro from the same isolate. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1984, 78: 339-341. 10.1016/0035-9203(84)90114-7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Read AF, Narara A, Nee S, Keymer AE, Day KP: Gametocyte sex ratios as indirect measures of outcrossing rates in malaria. Parasitology. 1992, 104: 387-395.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Read AF, Anwar M, Shutler D, Nee S: Sex allocation and population-structure in malaria and parasitic protozoa. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol. 1995, 260: 359-363.
CAS
Google Scholar
West SA, Reece SE, Read AF: Evolution of gametocyte sex ratios in malaria and related apicomplexan (protozoan) parasites. Trends Parasitol. 17: 525-531. 10.1016/S1471-4922(01)02058-X.
Pickering J, Read AF, Guerrero S, West SA: Sex ratio and virulence in two species of lizard malaria parasites. Evol Ecol Res. 2000, 2: 171-184.
Google Scholar
Shutler D, Bennett GF, Mullie A: Sex proportions of Haemoproteus blood parasites and local mate competition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995, 92: 6748-6752.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schall JJ: The sex ratio of Plasmodium gametocytes. Parasitology. 1989, 98: 343-350.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Robert V, Sokhna CS, Rogier C, Ariey F, Trape J-F: Sex ratio of Plasmodium falciparum in inhabitants of Dielmo, Senegal. Parasitology. 2003, 127: 1-8. 10.1017/S0031182003003299.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Charnov EL: The theory of sex allocation. 1982, Princeton: University Press, Princeton
Google Scholar
Paul REL, Packer MJ, Walmsley M, Lagog M, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Paru R, Day KP: Mating patterns in Papua New guinea. Science. 1995, 269: 1709-1711.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ariey F, Chalvet W, Hommel D, Peneau C, Hulin A, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Duchemin JB, Sarthou JL, Reynes JM, Fandeur T: Plasmodium falciparum parasites in French Guiana: limited genetic diversity and high selfing rate. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999, 61: 978-985.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Paul REL, Brey PT, Robert V: Plasmodium sex determination and transmission to mosquitoes. Trends Parasitol. 2002, 18: 32-38. 10.1016/S1471-4922(01)02122-5.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Paul REL, Coulson TN, Raibaud A, Brey PT: Sex determination in malaria parasites. Science. 2000, 287: 128-131. 10.1126/science.287.5450.128.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Taylor PJ, Hurd H: The influence of host hematocrit on the blood feeding success of Anopheles Stephensi : implication for enhanced malaria transmission. Parasitology. 2001, 122: 491-496. 10.1017/S0031182001007776.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reece SE, Duncan AB, West SA, Read AF: Sex ratios in the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi. Parasitology. 2003, 127: 419-425. 10.1017/S0031182003004013.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Osgood SM, Eisen RJ, Wargo AR, Schall JJ: Manipulation of the vertebrate host's testosterone does not affect gametocyte sex ratio of a malaria parasite. J Parasitol. 2003, 89: 190-192.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Smith TG, Walliker D, Ranford-Cartwright LC: Sexual differentiation and sex determination in the Apicomplexa. Trends Parasitol. 2002, 18: 315-323. 10.1016/S1471-4922(02)02292-4.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kondrashov AS: Classification of hypotheses on the advantage of amphimixis. J Hered. 1993, 84: 372-387.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Agrawal AF: Sexual selection and the maintenance of sexual reproduction. Nature. 2001, 411: 692-695. 10.1038/35079590.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Butlin R: Opinion-evolution of sex: The costs and benefits of sex: new insights from old asexual lineages. Nat Rev Genet. 2002, 3: 311-317. 10.1038/nrg749.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
CoIegrave N: Sex releases the speed limit on evolution. Nature. 2002, 420: 664-666. 10.1038/nature01191.
Google Scholar
Otto SP: The advantages of segregation and the evolution of sex. Genetics. 2003, 164: 1099-1118.
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
West SA, Lively CM, Read AF: A pluralist approach to sex and recombination. J Evol Biol. 1999, 12: 1003-1012. 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00119.x.
Google Scholar
Foth BJ, McFadden Gl: The apicoplast: a plastid in Plasmodium falciparum and other Apicomplexan parasites. Int Rev Cytol. 2003, 224: 57-110.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Creasey AM, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Moore DJ, Williamson DH, Wilson RJ, Walliker D, Carter R: Uniparental inheritance of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b in Plasmodium falciparum. Curr Genet. 1993, 23: 360-364.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vaidya AB, Morrisey J, Plowe CV, Kaslow DC, Wellems TE: Unidirectional dominance of cytoplasmic inheritance in two genetic crosses of Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Cell Biol. 1993, 13: 7349-7357.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Walliker D, Quakyi IA, Wellems TE, McCutchan TF, Szarfman A, London WT, Corcoran LM, Burkot TR, Carter R: Genetic analysis of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Science. 1987, 236: 1661-1666.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Conway DJ, Roper C, Oduola AM, Arnot DE, Kremsner PG, Grobusch MP, Curtis CF, Greenwood BM: High recombination rate in natural populations of Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999, 96: 4506-4511. 10.1073/pnas.96.8.4506.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Babiker HA, Ranford-Cartwright LC, Walliker D: Genetic structure and dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum infections in the Kilombero region of Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1999, 93 (Suppl 1): 11-14.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kadekoppala M, Cheresh P, Catron D, Ji DD, Deitsch K, Wellems TE, Seifert HS, Haldar K: Rapid recombination among transfected plasmids, chimeric episome formation and trans gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2001, 112: 211-218. 10.1016/S0166-6851(00)00368-6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rosenberg R, Rungsiwongse J, Kangsadalampai S, Sattabongkot J, Suwanabun N, Chaiyaroj SC, Mongkolsuk S: Random mating of natural Plasmodium populations demonstrated from individual oocysts. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1992, 53: 129-133. 10.1016/0166-6851(92)90015-C.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pfefferkorn LC, Pfefferkorn ER: Toxoplasma gondii : genetic recombination between drug resistant mutants. Exp Parasitol. 1980, 50: 305-316. 10.1016/0014-4894(80)90034-X.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Taylor LH, Read AF: Determinants of transmission success of individual clones from mixed-clone infections of the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi. Int J Parasitol. 1998, 28: 719-725. 10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00032-0.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Arez AP, Pinto J, Palsson K, Snounou G, Jaenson TG, do Rosario VE: Transmission of mixed Plasmodium species and Plasmodium falciparum genotypes. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003, 68: 161-168.
PubMed
Google Scholar
McKenzie FE, Jeffery GM, Collins WE: Plasmodium malariae infection boosts Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte production. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002, 67: 411-414.
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Graves PM, Burkot TR, Carter R, Cattani JA, Lagog M, Parker J, Brabin BJ, Gibson FD, Bradley DJ, Alpers MP: Measurement of malarial infectivity of human populations to mosquitoes in the Madang area, Papua, New Guinea. Parasitology. 1988, 96: 251-263.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tchuinkam T, Mulder B, Dechering K, Stoffels H, Verhave JP, Cot M, Carnevale P, Meuwissen JH, Robert V: Experimental infections of Anopheles gambiae with Plasmodium falciparum of naturally infected gametocyte carriers in Cameroon: factors influencing the infectivity to mosquitoes. Trop Med Parasitol. 1993, 44: 271-276.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sattabongkot J, Maneechai N, Rosenberg R: Plasmodium vivax : gametocyte infectivity of naturally infected Thai adults. Parasitology. 1991, 102: 27-31.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dowling MAC, Shute GT: A comparative study of thick and thin films in the diagnosis of scanty malaria parasitemia. Bull World Health Organ. 1966, 34: 249-267.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Paul REL, Ariey F, Robert V: The evolutionary ecology of Plasmodium. Ecol Let. 2003, 6: 866-880. 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00509.x.
Google Scholar
Taylor LH, Read AF: Why so few transmission stages? Reproductive restraint by malaria parasites. Parasitol Today. 1997, 13: 135-140. 10.1016/S0169-4758(97)89810-9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bishop A: Problems concerned with gametogenesis in Haemosporidiidea, with particular reference to the genus Plasmodium. Parasitology. 1955, 45: 163-185.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McKenzie FE, Bossert WH: The optimal production of gametocytes by Plasmodium falciparum. J TheorBiol. 1998, 193: 419-428. 10.1006/jtbi.1998.0710.
CAS
Google Scholar
Al-Olayan EM, Williams GT, Hurd H: Apoptosis in the malaria protozoan, Plasmodium berghei: a possible mechanism for limiting intensity of infection in the mosquito. Int J Parasitol. 2002, 32: 1133-1143. 10.1016/S0020-7519(02)00087-5.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pichon G, Awono-Ambene HP, Robert V: High heterogeneity in the number of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in the bloodmeal of mosquitoes fed on the same host. Parasitology. 2000, 121: 115-120. 10.1017/S0031182099006277.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gautret P, Miltgen F, Gantier JC, Chabaud AG, Landau I: Enhanced gametocyte formation by Plasmodium chabaudi in immature erythrocytes: pattern of production, sequestration, and infectivity to mosquitoes. J Parasitol. 1996, 82: 900-906.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chardome M, Janssen PJ: Enquête sur l'incidence malarienne par la méthode dermique dans la région de Lubilash (Congo Beige). Ann Soc Belge Med Trop. 1952, 32: 209-211.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Boëte C, Paul REL, Koella JC: Reduced efficacy of the immune melanization response in mosquitoes infected by malaria parasites. Parasitology. 2002, 125: 93-98. 10.1017/S0031182002001944.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sinden RE: Gametocytes and sexual development. In Malaria: parasite biology, pathogenesis, and protection. Edited by: Sherman IW. 1998, Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology Press, 25-48.
Google Scholar
Sinden RE, Smalley ME: Gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro : the cell-cycle. Parasitology. 1979, 79: 277-296.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar