WHO. World malaria report 2020: 20 years of global progress and challenges. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
Google Scholar
WHO. Strategy for malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion: 2015–2030. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
Google Scholar
WHO. The E-2020 initiative of 21 malaria-eliminating countries: 2019 progress report. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. p. 2019.
Google Scholar
WHO. World malaria report 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.
Google Scholar
Cooper DJ, Rajahram GS, William T, Jelip J, Mohammad R, Benedict J, et al. Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in Sabah, Malaysia, 2015–2017: Ongoing increase in incidence despite near-elimination of the human-only Plasmodium species. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;70:361–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goh XT, Lim YA, Vythilingam I, Chew CH, Lee PC, Ngui R, et al. Increased detection of Plasmodium knowlesi in Sandakan division, Sabah as revealed by PlasmoNex. Malar J. 2013;12:264.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hussin N, Lim YA, Goh PP, William T, Jelip J, Mudin RN. Updates on malaria incidence and profile in Malaysia from 2013 to 2017. Malar J. 2020;19:55.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Singh B, Daneshvar C. Human infections and detection of Plasmodium knowlesi. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26:165–84.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Vythilingam I, NoorAzian YM, Huat TC, Jiram AI, Yusri YM, Azahari AH, et al. Plasmodium knowlesi in humans, macaques and mosquitoes in peninsular Malaysia. Parasit Vectors. 2008;1:26.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
William T, Rahman HA, Jelip J, Ibrahim MY, Menon J, Grigg MJ, et al. Increasing incidence of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria following control of P. falciparum and P. vivax Malaria in Sabah, Malaysia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7:e2026.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Yusof R, Lau YL, Mahmud R, Fong MY, Jelip J, Ngian HU, et al. High proportion of knowlesi malaria in recent malaria cases in Malaysia. Malar J. 2014;13:168.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hay SI, Sinka ME, Okara RM, Kabaria CW, Mbithi PM, Tago CC, et al. Developing global maps of the dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria. PLoS Med. 2010;7:e1000209.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sinka ME, Bangs MJ, Manguin S, Rubio-Palis Y, Chareonviriyaphap T, Coetzee M, et al. A global map of dominant malaria vectors. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:69.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Vythilingam I, Lim YAL, Venugopalan B, Ngui R, Leong CS, Wong ML, et al. Plasmodium knowlesi malaria an emerging public health problem in Hulu Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia (2009–2013): epidemiologic and entomologic analysis. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:436.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Vythilingam I, Tan CH, Asmad M, Chan ST, Lee KS, Singh B. Natural transmission of Plasmodium knowlesi to humans by Anopheles latens in Sarawak, Malaysia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2006;100:1087–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wong ML, Chua TH, Leong CS, Khaw LT, Fornace K, Wan-Sulaiman W-Y, et al. Seasonal and spatial dynamics of the primary vector of Plasmodium knowlesi within a major transmission focus in Sabah, Malaysia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9:e0004135.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Chin W, Contacos PG, Coatney GR, Kimball HR. A naturally acquired quotidian-type malaria in man transferable to monkeys. Science. 1965;149:865.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fong YL, Cadigan FC, Coatney GR. A presumptive case of naturally occurring Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in man in Malaysia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1971;65:839–40.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vythilingam I, Foo LC, Chiang GL, Chan ST, Eng KL, Mahadevan S, et al. The impact of permethrin impregnated bednets on the malaria vector Anopheles maculatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in aboriginal villages of Pos Betau Pahang, Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1995;26:354–8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jeyaprakasam NK, Pramasivan S, Liew JWK, Van Low L, Wan-Sulaiman W-Y, Ngui R, et al. Evaluation of Mosquito Magnet and other collection tools for Anopheles mosquito vectors of simian malaria. Parasit Vectors. 2021;14:184.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Reid JA. Anopheline mosquitoes of Malaya and Borneo. Kuala Lumpur: Govt of Malaysia; 1968.
Google Scholar
Sallum MAM, Peyton EL, Harrison BA, Wilkerson RC. Revision of the Leucosphyrus group of Anopheles (Cellia) (Diptera, Culicidae). Rev Bras Entomol. 2005;49:1–152.
Article
Google Scholar
Walton C, Handley JM, Kuvangkadilok C, Collins FH, Harbach RE, Baimai V, et al. Identification of five species of the Anopheles dirus complex from Thailand, using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Med Vet Entomol. 1999;13:24–32.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol. 1994;3:294–9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
The Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (JUPEM). https://www.jupem.gov.my/. Accessed 4 Nov 2020.
ESRITrendAnalysis:2009/2014.May2009. https://www.esri.com/content/dam/esrisites/sitecorearchive/Files/Pdfs/library/whitepapers/pdfs/esri-trend-analysis.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2020.
DIVA-GIS. http://www.diva-gis.org/. Accessed 7 Nov 2020.
Mahabir RS, Severson DW, Chadee DD. Impact of road networks on the distribution of dengue fever cases in Trinidad, West Indies. Acta Trop. 2012;123:178–83.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Global Forest Change. https://earthenginepartners.appspot.com/science-2013-global-forest/download_v1.7.html. Accessed 10 Nov 2020.
EarthExplorer. https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/. Accessed 10 Nov 2020.
Phang WK, Hamid MH, Jelip J, Mudin RN, Chuang TW, Lau YL, et al. Spatial and temporal analysis of Plasmodium knowlesi infection in Peninsular Malaysia, 2011 to 2018. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:9271.
Article
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Colless DH. The anopheline mosquitoes of north-west Borneo. Proc Linnean Soc New South Wales. 1948;73:71–119.
Google Scholar
Sallum MAM, Peyton EL, Wilkerson RC. Six new species of the Anopheles Leucosphyrus group, reinterpretation of An. elegans and vector implications. Med Vet Entomol. 2005;19:158–99.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kelly-Hope LA, Hemingway J, McKenzie FE. Environmental factors associated with the malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus in Kenya. Malar J. 2009;8:268.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ahmad R, Lim LH, Omar MH, Abd Rahman AA, Majid MA, Nor ZM, et al. Characterization of the larval breeding sites of Anopheles balabacensis (Baisas), in Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2018;49:566–79.
Google Scholar
Castro MC. Malaria transmission and prospects for malaria eradication: the role of the environment. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2017;7:a025601.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
De Silva PM, Marshall JM. Factors contributing to urban malaria transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. J Trop Med. 2012;2012:819563.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Martens P, Hall L. Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission. Emerg Infect Dis. 2000;6:103.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Weiss DJ, Mappin B, Dalrymple U, Bhatt S, Cameron E, Hay SI, et al. Re-examining environmental correlates of Plasmodium falciparum malaria endemicity: a data-intensive variable selection approach. Malar J. 2015;14:68.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kar NP, Kumar A, Singh OP, Carlton JM, Nanda N. A review of malaria transmission dynamics in forest ecosystems. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:265.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Das N, Talukdar P, Kalita J, Baruah I, Sribastava R. Malaria situation in forest-fringed villages of Sonitpur district (Assam), India bordering Arunachal Pradesh during an outbreak. J Vector Borne Dis. 2007;44:213.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yusof R, Lau YL, Mahmud R, Fong MY, Jelip J, Ngian HU, et al. High proportion of knowlesi malaria in recent malaria cases in Malaysia. Malar J. 2014;13:168.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Maeno Y, Quang NT, Culleton R, Kawai S, Masuda G, Nakazawa S, et al. Humans frequently exposed to a range of non-human primate malaria parasite species through the bites of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes in South-central Vietnam. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8:376.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hii J, Rueda LM. Malaria vectors in the Greater Mekong Subregion: overview of malaria vectors and remaining challenges. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2013;44(Suppl 1):73–165.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tan CH, Vythilingam I, Matusop A, Chan ST, Singh B. Bionomics of Anopheles latens in Kapit, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo in relation to the transmission of zoonotic simian malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi. Malar J. 2008;7:52.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rahman W, Che’Rus A, Ahmad A. Malaria and Anopheles mosquitos in Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1997;28:599–605.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moyes CL, Shearer FM, Huang Z, Wiebe A, Gibson HS, Nijman V, et al. Predicting the geographical distributions of the macaque hosts and mosquito vectors of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in forested and non-forested areas. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:1–2.
Article
Google Scholar
Pinedo-Cancino V, Sheen P, Tarazona-Santos E, Oswald WE, Jeri C, Vittor AY, et al. Limited diversity of Anopheles darlingi in the Peruvian Amazon region of Iquitos. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;75:238–45.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vittor AY, Pan W, Gilman RH, Tielsch J, Glass G, Shields T, et al. Linking deforestation to malaria in the Amazon: characterization of the breeding habitat of the principal malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;81:5–12.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fornace KM, Abidin TR, Alexander N, Brock P, Grigg MJ, Murphy A, et al. Association between landscape factors and spatial patterns of Plasmodium knowlesi infections in Sabah, Malaysia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22:201.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fornace KM, Alexander N, Abidin TR, Brock PM, Chua TH, Vythilingam I, et al. Local human movement patterns and land use impact exposure to zoonotic malaria in Malaysia Borneo. Elife. 2019;22(8):e47602.
Article
Google Scholar
Young H, Griffin RH, Wood CL, Nunn CL. Does habitat disturbance increase infectious disease risk for primates? Ecol Lett. 2013;16:656–63.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lindblade KA, Walker ED, Wilson ML. Early warning of malaria epidemics in African Highlands using Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) indoor resting density. J Med Entomol. 2000;37:664–74.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lindsay SW, Martens WJ. Malaria in the African highlands: past, present and future. Bull World Health Org. 1998;76:33–45.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chaiphongpachara T, Laojun S. Variation over time in wing size and shape of the coastal malaria vector Anopheles (Cellia) epiroticus Linton and Harbach (Diptera: Culicidae) in Samut Songkhram. Thailand J Adv Vet Anim Res. 2019;6:208–14.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chua TH, Manin BO, Daim S, Vythilingam I, Drakeley C. Phylogenetic analysis of simian Plasmodium spp. infecting Anopheles balabacensis Baisas in Sabah, Malaysia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11:e0005991.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Hawkes FM, Manin BO, Cooper A, Daim S, Homathevi R, Jelip J, et al. Vector compositions change across forested to deforested ecotones in emerging areas of zoonotic malaria transmission in Malaysia. Sci Rep. 2019;9:13312.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Jiram AI, Vythilingam I, NoorAzian YM, Yusof YM, Azahari AH, Fong M-Y. Entomologic investigation of Plasmodium knowlesi vectors in Kuala Lipis, Pahang. Malaysia Malar J. 2012;11:213.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marchand RP, Culleton R, Maeno Y, Quang NT, Nakazawa S. Co-infections of Plasmodium knowlesi, P. falciparum, and P. vivax among humans and Anopheles dirus mosquitoes, southern Vietnam. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17:1232.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ang JXD, Kadir KA, Mohamad DSA, Matusop A, Divis PCS, Yaman K, et al. New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi. Parasit Vectors. 2020;13:472.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Vidhya PT, Sunish IP, Maile A, Zahid AK. Anopheles sundaicus mosquitoes as vector for Plasmodium knowlesi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019;25:817.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rytkönen MJ. Not all maps are equal: GIS and spatial analysis in epidemiology. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2004;63:9–24.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hanafi-Bojd AA, Vatandoost H, Oshaghi MA, Charrahy Z, Haghdoost AA, Zamani G, et al. Spatial analysis and mapping of malaria risk in an endemic area, south of Iran: a GIS based decision making for planning of control. Acta Trop. 2012;122:132–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jeyaprakasam NK, Liew JWK, Low VL, Wan-Sulaiman WY, Vythilingam I. Plasmodium knowlesi infecting humans in Southeast Asia: what’s next ? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14:e0008900.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Yap NJ, Hossain H, Nada-Raja T, Ngui R, Muslim A, Hoh BP, et al. Natural human infections with Plasmodium cynomolgi, P. inui, and 4 other simian malaria parasites, Malaysia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27:2187.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar