Hochman SE, Madaline TF, Wassmer SC, Mbale E, Choi N, Seydel KB, et al. Fatal pediatric cerebral malaria is associated with intravascular monocytes and platelets that are increased with HIV coinfection. mBio. 2015;6:e01390-15.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Idro R, Marsh K, John CC, Newton CR. Cerebral malaria: mechanisms of brain injury and strategies for improved neurocognitive outcome. Pediatr Res. 2010;68:267–74.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
WHO. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.
Google Scholar
United Nations Interagency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. Levels & trends in child mortality. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund; 2019.
Google Scholar
Luzolo AL, Ngoyi DM. Cerebral malaria. Brain Res Bull. 2019;145:53–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Molyneux ME. Malaria—clinical features in children. J R Soc Med. 1989;82(Suppl 17):35–8.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Newton CR, Krishna S. Severe falciparum malaria in children: current understanding of pathophysiology and supportive treatment. Pharmacol Ther. 1998;79:1–53.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Jaffar S, Schneider G, Kwiatkowski D. Residual neurologic sequelae after childhood cerebral malaria. J Pediatr. 1997;131:125–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Boivin MJ, Bangirana P, Byarugaba J, Opoka RO, Idro R, Jurek AM, et al. Cognitive impairment after cerebral malaria in children: a prospective study. Pediatrics. 2007;119:e360–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Birbeck GL, Molyneux ME, Kaplan PW, Seydel KB, Chimalizeni YF, Kawaza K, et al. Blantyre Malaria Project Epilepsy Study (BMPES) of neurological outcomes in retinopathy-positive paediatric cerebral malaria survivors: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:1173–81.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Langfitt JT, McDermott MP, Brim R, Mboma S, Potchen MJ, Kampondeni SD, et al. Neurodevelopmental impairments 1 year after cerebral malaria. Pediatrics. 2019;143:e20181026.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mbale EW, Taylor T, Brabin B, Mallewa M, Gladstone M. Exploring neurodevelopmental outcome measures used in children with cerebral malaria: the perspectives of caregivers and health workers in Malawi. BMC Pediatr. 2017;17:9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Oluwayemi IO, Brown BJ, Oyedeji OA, Oluwayemi MA. Neurological sequelae in survivors of cerebral malaria. Pan Afr Med J. 2013;15:88.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Postels DG, Birbeck GL. Cerebral malaria. Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;114:91–102.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jaffar S, Van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Schneider G, Greenwood B. Predictors of a fatal outcome following childhood cerebral malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997;57:20–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mbale EW, Moxon CA, Mukaka M, Chagomerana M, Glover S, Chisala N, et al. HIV coinfection influences the inflammatory response but not the outcome of cerebral malaria in Malawian children. J Infect. 2016;73:189–99.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cohen C, Karstaedt A, Frean J, Thomas J, Govender N, Prentice E, et al. Increased prevalence of severe malaria in HIV-infected adults in South Africa. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:1631–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grimwade K, French N, Mbatha DD, Zungu DD, Dedicoat M, Gilks CF. HIV infection as a cofactor for severe falciparum malaria in adults living in a region of unstable malaria transmission in South Africa. AIDS. 2004;18:547–54.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Martin-Blondel G, Barry M, Porte L, Busato F, Massip P, Benoit-Vical F, et al. Impact of HIV infection on malaria in adults. Med Mal Infect. 2007;37:629–36 (in French).
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Van Geertruyden JP. Interactions between malaria and human immunodeficiency virus anno 2014. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20:278–85.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bangirana P, Opoka RO, Boivin MJ, Idro R, Hodges JS, Romero RA, et al. Severe malarial anemia is associated with long-term neurocognitive impairment. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59:336–44.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Brim R, Mboma S, Semrud-Clikeman M, Kampondeni S, Magen J, Taylor T, et al. Cognitive outcomes and psychiatric symptoms of retinopathy-positive cerebral malaria: cohort description and baseline results. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;97:225–31.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
White IR, Royston P, Wood AM. Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice. Stat Med. 2011;30:377–99.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brant R. Assessing proportionality in the proportional odds model for ordinal logistic regression. Biometrics. 1990;46:1171–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Little R, Rubin D. Statistical analysis with missing data. New York: Wiley; 1987.
Google Scholar
Team RC. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2018.
Google Scholar
Boubour A, Mboma S, Võ T, Birbeck GL, Seydel KB, Mallewa M, et al. “We can’t handle things we don’t know about”: perceived neurorehabilitation challenges for Malawian paediatric cerebral malaria survivors. BMC Pediatr. 2020;20:503.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Holding PA, Stevenson J, Peshu N, Marsh K. Cognitive sequelae of severe malaria with impaired consciousness. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1999;93:529–34.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carter JA, Ross AJ, Neville BG, Obiero E, Katana K, Mung’ala-Odera V, et al. Developmental impairments following severe falciparum malaria in children. Trop Med Int Health. 2005;10:3–10.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
John CC, Bangirana P, Byarugaba J, Opoka RO, Idro R, Jurek AM, et al. Cerebral malaria in children is associated with long-term cognitive impairment. Pediatrics. 2008;122:e92–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Anderson V, Catroppa C, Morse S, Haritou F, Rosenfeld J. Functional plasticity or vulnerability after early brain injury? Pediatrics. 2005;116:1374–82.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Anderson V, Spencer-Smith M, Wood A. Do children really recover better? Neurobehavioural plasticity after early brain insult. Brain. 2011;134:2197–221.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Johnston MV. Plasticity in the developing brain: implications for rehabilitation. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2009;15:94–101.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Barnes KI, Chanda P, Ab BG. Impact of the large-scale deployment of artemether/lumefantrine on the malaria disease burden in Africa: case studies of South Africa, Zambia and Ethiopia. Malar J. 2009;8(Suppl 1):S8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dondorp AM, Fanello CI, Hendriksen IC, Gomes E, Seni A, Chhaganlal KD, et al. Artesunate versus quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children (AQUAMAT): an open-label, randomised trial. Lancet. 2010;376:1647–57.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Day NP, Phu NH, Mai NT, Chau TT, Loc PP, Chuong LV, et al. The pathophysiologic and prognostic significance of acidosis in severe adult malaria. Crit Care Med. 2000;28:1833–40.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hanson J, Lee SJ, Mohanty S, Faiz MA, Anstey NM, Charunwatthana P, et al. A simple score to predict the outcome of severe malaria in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:679–85.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Agbenyega T, Planche T, Bedu-Addo G, Ansong D, Owusu-Ofori A, Bhattaram VA, et al. Population kinetics, efficacy, and safety of dichloroacetate for lactic acidosis due to severe malaria in children. J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;43:386–96.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Possemiers H, Vandermosten L, Van den Steen PE. Etiology of lactic acidosis in malaria. PLoS Pathog. 2021;17:e1009122.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Krishna S, Waller DW, ter Kuile F, Kwiatkowski D, Crawley J, Craddock CF, et al. Lactic acidosis and hypoglycaemia in children with severe malaria: pathophysiological and prognostic significance. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994;88:67–73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Getahun A, Deribe K, Deribew A. Determinants of delay in malaria treatment-seeking behaviour for under-five children in south-west Ethiopia: a case control study. Malar J. 2010;9:320.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kassile T, Lokina R, Mujinja P, Mmbando BP. Determinants of delay in care seeking among children under five with fever in Dodoma region, central Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. Malar J. 2014;13:348.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chukwuocha UM, Okpanma AC, Nwakwuo GC, Dozie IN. Determinants of delay in seeking malaria treatment for children under-five years in parts of South Eastern Nigeria. J Community Health. 2014;39:1171–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mitiku I, Assefa A. Caregivers’ perception of malaria and treatment-seeking behaviour for under five children in Mandura District, West Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Malar J. 2017;16:144.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Shumerga AT, Hebo HJ, Gebrehiwot TT, Gebre MN. Determinants of delay in seeking malaria treatment for under-five children at Gambella Town, Southwest Ethiopia: a case-control study. J Trop Med. 2020;2020:2310971.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar