Tadesse FG, Ashine T, Teka H, Esayas E, Messenger LA, Chali W, et al. Anopheles stephensi Mosquitoes as vectors of Plasmodium vivax and falciparum, Horn of Africa, 2019. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27:603–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Hume JC, Tunnicliff M, Ranford-Cartwright L, Day K. Susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles stephensi to tropical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J. 2007;6:139.
Article
Google Scholar
Sinka ME, Pironon S, Massey N, Longbottom J, Hemingway J, Moyes CL, et al. A new malaria vector in Africa: predicting the expansion range of Anopheles stephensi and identifying the urban populations at risk. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020;117:24900–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Faulde M, Rueda L, Khaireh B. First record of the Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi and its possible role in the resurgence of malaria in Djibouti. Horn of Africa Acta Trop. 2014;139:39–43.
Article
Google Scholar
Seyfarth M, Khaireh B, Abdi A, Bouh S, Faulde M. Five years following first detection of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Djibouti, Horn of Africa: populations established—malaria emerging. Parasitol Res. 2019;118:725–32.
Article
Google Scholar
de Santi VP, Khaireh BA, Chiniard T, Pradines B, Taudon N, Larréché S, et al. Role of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes in malaria outbreak, Djibouti. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019;2021:271697–700.
Google Scholar
UNHCR Country Situation Report (31 July 2022). https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/sd. Accessed 12 Dec 2022
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. Global Report on Internal Displacement. https://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2022/. (2022) Accessed 12 Dec 2022
Carter TE, Yared S, Gebresilassie A, Bonnell V, Damodaran L, Lopez K, et al. First detection of Anopheles stephensi Liston, 1901 (Diptera: culicidae) in Ethiopia using molecular and morphological approaches. Acta Trop. 2018;188:180–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Ahmed A, Pignatelli P, Elaagip A, Abdel Hamid M, Alrahman O, Weetman D. Invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes in Sudan, 2016–2018. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27:2952–4.
Article
Google Scholar
WHO, Global Malaria Programme. 2022 Malaria threats map: invasive vector species. Geneva, World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/malaria/maps/threats/. Accessed 19 July 2022.
Ali S, Samake J, Spear J, Carter T. Morphological identification and genetic characterization of Anopheles stephensi in Somaliland. Parasit Vectors. 2022;15:247.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Balkew M, Mumba P, Yohannes G, Abiy E, Getachew D, Yared S, et al. An update on the distribution, bionomics, and insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi in Ethiopia, 2018–2020. Malar J. 2021;20:263.
Article
Google Scholar
Abubakr M, Sami H, Mahdi I, Altahir O, Abdelbagi H, Mohamed NS, et al. The phylodynamic and spread of the invasive asian malaria vectors, Anopheles stephensi, in Sudan. Biology (Basel). 2022;11:409.
Google Scholar
Hamlet A, Dengela D, Tongren JE, Tadesse FG, Bousema T, Sinka M, et al. The potential impact of Anopheles stephensi establishment on the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum in Ethiopia and prospective control measures. medRxiv. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02324-1.
Article
Google Scholar
WHO. Vector alert: Anopheles stephensi invasion and spread: Horn of Africa, the Republic of the Sudan and surrounding geographical areas, and Sri Lanka: information note. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2019. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/326595
Robert V, Macintyre K, Keating J, Trape JF, Duchemin JB, Warren M, et al. Malaria transmission in urban sub-Saharan Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003;68:169–76.
Article
Google Scholar
Takken W, Lindsay S. Increased threat of urban malaria from Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Africa Emerg Infect Dis. 2019;25:1431–3.
Article
Google Scholar
Fazeli-Dinan M, Azarnoosh M, Özgökçe MS, Chi H, Hosseini-Vasoukolaei N, Haghi FM, et al. Global water quality changes posing threat of increasing infectious diseases, a case study on malaria vector Anopheles stephensi coping with the water pollutants using age-stage, two-sex life table method. Malar J. 2022;21:178.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Walker K, Lynch M. Contributions of Anopheles larval control to malaria suppression in tropical Africa: review of achievements and potential. Med Vet Entomol. 2007;21:2–21.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
WHO. World Malaria Report 2021. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.
Google Scholar
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. UNHCR Global Trends. Forced Displacement in 2021. https://www.unhcr.org/62a9d1494/global-trends-report-2021. 2022
Sedda L, Qi Q, Tatem A. A geostatistical analysis of the association between armed conflicts and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa, 1997–2010. Malar J. 2015;14:500.
Article
Google Scholar
Martens P, Hall L. Malaria on the move: human population movement and malaria transmission. Emerg Infect Dis. 2000;6:103–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Colón-González F, Odhiambo Sewe M, Tompkins A, Sjödin H, Casallas A, Rocklöv J. Projecting the risk of mosquito-borne diseases in a warmer and more populated world: a multi-model, multi-scenario intercomparison modelling study. Lancet Planet Health. 2021;5:E404–14.
Article
Google Scholar
Messenger L, Furnival-Adams J, Pelloquin B, Rowland M. Vector control for malaria prevention during humanitarian emergencies: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2021;11:e046325.
Article
Google Scholar
WHO. Malaria control in humanitarian emergencies: an inter-agency handbook. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
Google Scholar
Owoaje E, Uchendu O, Ajayi T, Cadmus E. A review of the health problems of the internally displaced persons in Africa. Niger Postgr Med J. 2016;23:161–71.
Article
Google Scholar
Ajakaye O, Ibukunoluwa M. Prevalence and risk of malaria, anemia and malnutrition among children in IDPs camp in Edo State. Nigeria Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2020;8:e00127.
Article
Google Scholar
Charchuk R, Paul M, Claude K, Houston S, Hawkes M. Burden of malaria is higher among children in an internal displacement camp compared to a neighbouring village in the democratic Republic of the Congo. Malar J. 2016;15:431.
Article
Google Scholar
Anderson J, Doocy S, Haskew H, Spiegel P, Moss W. The burden of malaria in post-emergency refugee sites: a retrospective study. Confl Health. 2011;5:17.
Article
Google Scholar
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. Country Profile_Yemen (2021), Last updated May 19, 2022. Accessed 12 Dec 2022
Al-Garadi M. Epidemiological review of dengue fever in Yemen. Int J Adv Res. 2015;3:1578–84.
CAS
Google Scholar
Al Amad MA, Nassar A, Torbosh A, Abdulmalik Y. Risk factors for dengue outbreak in Taiz city, Yemen: a teaching case-study. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;36:18.
Article
Google Scholar
International Organisation for Migration. Malaria in Yemen: Needs Assessment. 2017. ENG0547. https://publications.iom.int/books/malaria-yemen-needs-assessment-2017
CCCM Cluster REACH, UNHCR. IDP Hosting Sites in Aden, May 2022. Published July 6,2022. https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/idp-hosting-sites-aden-may-2022. Accessed 12 Dec 2022.
Coetzee M. Key to the females of Afrotropical Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Malar J. 2020;19:70.
Article
Google Scholar
Lobo NF, St Laurent B, Sikaala CH, Hamainza B, Chanda J, Chinula D, et al. Unexpected diversity of Anopheles species in Eastern Zambia: implications for evaluating vector behavior and interventions using molecular tools. Sci Rep. 2015;5:17952.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol. 1994;3:294–9.
CAS
Google Scholar
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol. 2018;35:1547–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Waymire E, Duddu S, Yared S, Getachew D, Dengela D, Bordenstein SR, et al. Wolbachia 16S rRNA haplotypes detected in wild Anopheles stephensi in eastern Ethiopia. Parasit Vectors. 2022;15:178.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Salit A, Zakaria M, Balba M, Zaghloul T. The mosquito fauna of Kuwait. J Univ Kuwait (Sci). 1994;21:77–84.
Google Scholar
Al Ahmad A, Sallam M, Khuriji M, Kheir S, Azari-Hamidian S. Checklist and pictorial key to fourth-instar larvae of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Saudi Arabia. J Med Entomol. 2011;4:17–37.
Google Scholar
Ahmed A, Irish S, Zohdy S, Yoshimizu M, Fitsum G, Tadesse F. Strategies for conducting Anopheles stephensi surveys in non-endemic areas. Acta Trop. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106671.
Article
Google Scholar
Ahmed A, Abubakr M, Ali Y, Siddig EE, Mohamed NS. Vector control strategy for Anopheles stephensi in Africa. Lancet Microbe. 2022;3:e403.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Allan R, Budge S, Sauskojus H. What sounds like Aedes, acts like Aedes but is not Aedes? Lessons from dengue control for the management of invasive Anopheles. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11:e165–9.
Article
Google Scholar