Torti F. Therapeutice specialis ad febres quasdam perniciosas, (Venice 1712)
World Health Organization. Severe Malaria. Trop Med Int Health. 2014;19(Suppl 1):1–131.
Google Scholar
Marchiafava E, Bignami A. On summer-autumn malarial fevers. In: Marchiafava E, editor. Two monographs on malaria and the parasites of malarial fevers (translated from the first Italian edition by JH Thompson). London: New Sydenham Society; 1894. p. 1–232.
Google Scholar
White NJ, Turner GD, Dondorp AM, Day NP. Lethal malaria: Marchiafava and Bignami were right. J Infect Dis. 2013;208:192–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
White NJ, Turner GD, Medana IM, Dondorp AM, Day NP. The murine cerebral malaria phenomenon. Trends Parasitol. 2010;26:11–5.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jennett B, Teasdale G, Braakman R, Minderhoud J, Knill-Jones R. Predicting outcome in individual patients after severe head injury. Lancet. 1976;1:1031–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
World Health Organization Malaria Action Programme. Severe and complicated malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1986;80(suppl):1–50.
Google Scholar
Warrell DA, Looareesuwan S, Warrell MJ, Kasemsarn P, Intaraprasert R, Bunnag D, et al. Dexamethasone proves deleterious in cerebral malaria A double-blind trial in 100 comatose patients. N Engl J Med. 1982;306:313–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
World Health Organization Division of Control of Tropical Diseases. Severe and complicated malaria. 2nd edn. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1990;2:1‑65.
Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Borgstein A. Clinical features and prognostic indicators in paediatric cerebral malaria: a study of 131 comatose Malawian children. Quart J Med. 1989;71:441–59.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marsh K, Forster D, Waruiru C, Mwangi I, Winstanley M, Marsh V, et al. Indicators of life-threatening malaria in African children. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:1399–404.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Waller D, Krishna S, Crawley J, Miller K, Nosten F, Chapman D, et al. Clinical features and outcome of severe malaria in Gambian children. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21:577–87.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Severe falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2000;94(Suppl 1):S1-90.
Article
Google Scholar
Tran TH, Day NP, Nguyen HP, Nguyen TH, Tran TH, Pham PL, et al. A controlled trial of artemether or quinine in Vietnamese adults with severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:76–83.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
van Hensbroek MB, Palmer A, Onyiorah E, Schneider G, Jaffar S, Dolan G, et al. The effect of a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor on survival from childhood cerebral malaria. J Infect Dis. 1996;174:1091–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Crawley J, Waruiru C, Mithwani S, Mwangi I, Watkins W, Ouma D, et al. Effect of phenobarbital on seizure frequency and mortality in childhood cerebral malaria: a randomised, controlled intervention study. Lancet. 2000;355:701–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
The Artemether-Quinine Meta-analysis Study Group. A meta-analysis using individual patient data of trials comparing artemether with quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2001;95:637–50.
Article
Google Scholar
Dondorp A, Nosten F, Stepniewska K, Day N, White NJ; South East Asian Quinine Artesunate Malaria Trial (SEAQUAMAT) group. Artesunate versus quinine for treatment of severe falciparum malaria: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2005; 366: 717–25.
Dondorp AM, Fanello CE, Hendriksen ICE, Gomes E, Seni A, Chhaganlal KD, et al. Artesunate versus quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children (AQUAMAT): an open-label, randomised trial. Lancet. 2010;376:1647–57.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Phu NH, Tuan PQ, Day N, Mai NT, Chau TT, Chuong LV, et al. Randomized controlled trial of artesunate or artemether in Vietnamese adults with severe falciparum malaria. Malar J. 2010;9:97.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kremsner PG, Taylor T, Issifou S, Kombila M, Chimalizeni Y, Kawaza K, et al. A simplified intravenous artesunate regimen for severe malaria. J Infect Dis. 2012;205:312–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Taylor T, Olola C, Valim C, Agbenyega T, Kremsner P, Krishna S, et al. Standardized data collection for multi-center clinical studies of severe malaria in African children: establishing the SMAC network. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2006;100:615–22.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Idro R, Aloyo J, Mayende L, Bitarakwate E, John CC, Kivumbi GW. Severe malaria in children in areas with low, moderate and high transmission intensity in Uganda. Trop Med Int Health. 2006;11:115–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
English M, Waruiru C, Amukoye E, Murphy S, Crawley J, Mwangi I, et al. Deep breathing in children with severe malaria: indicator of metabolic acidosis and poor outcome. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996;55:521–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Imbert P, Sartelet I, Rogier C, Ka S, Baujat G, Candito D. Severe malaria among children in a low seasonal transmission area, Dakar, Senegal: influence of age on clinical presentation. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1997;91:22–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
von Seidlein L, Olaosebikan R, Hendriksen IC, Lee SJ, Adedoyin OT, Agbenyega T, et al. Predicting the clinical outcome of severe falciparum malaria in African children: findings from a large randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54:1080–90.
Article
Google Scholar
WHO. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2015.
Swellengrebel NH, de Buck A. Malaria in The Netherlands: Scheltema & Holkema Ltd. Amsterdam, 1938.
Snounou G, Pérignon JL. Malariotherapy–insanity at the service of malariology. Adv Parasitol. 2013;81:223–55.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Flateau C, Le Loup G, Pialoux G. Consequences of HIV infection on malaria and therapeutic implications: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11:541–56.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Field JW. Blood examination and prognosis in acute falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1949;43:33–48.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
White NJ, Chapman D, Watt G. The effects of multiplication and synchronicity on the vascular distribution of parasites in falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1992;86:590–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kingston HW, Ghose A, Plewes K, Ishioka H, Leopold SJ, Maude RJ, et al. Disease severity and effective parasite multiplication rate in falciparum malaria. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017;4:169.
Article
Google Scholar
Intharabut B, Kingston HW, Srinamon K, Ashley EA, Imwong M, Dhorda M, et al. Artemisinin resistance and stage dependency of parasite clearance in falciparum malaria. J Infect Dis. 2019;219:1483–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Luxemburger C, Thwai KL, White NJ, Webster HK, Kyle DE, Maelankirri L, et al. The epidemiology of malaria in a Karen population on the western border of Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1996;90:105–11.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Luxemburger C, Ricci F, Nosten F, Raimond D, Bathet S, White NJ. The epidemiology of severe malaria in an area of low transmission in Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1997;91:256–62.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Trang TT, Phu NH, Vinh H, Hien TT, Cuong BM, Chau TTH, et al. Acute renal failure in patients with severe falciparum malaria. Clin Infect Dis. 1992;15:874–80.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brand NR, Opoka RO, Hamre KE, John CC. Differing causes of lactic acidosis and deep breathing in cerebral malaria and severe malarial anemia may explain differences in acidosis-related mortality. PLoS ONE. 2016;11: e0163728.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Phiri KS, Calis JC, Faragher B, Nkhoma E, Ng’oma K, Mangochi B, et al. Long term outcome of severe anaemia in Malawian children. PLoS ONE. 2008;3: e2903.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kwambai TK, Dhabangi A, Idro R, Opoka R, Watson V, Kariuki S, et al. Malaria chemoprevention in the post-discharge management of severe anemia. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:2242–54.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kwambai TK, Mori AT, Nevitt S, van Eijk AM, Samuels AM, Robberstad B, et al. Post-discharge morbidity and mortality in children admitted with severe anaemia and other health conditions in malaria-endemic settings in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022;6:474–83.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Idro R, Jenkins NE, Newton CR. Pathogenesis, clinical features, and neurological outcome of cerebral malaria. Lancet Neurol. 2005;4:827–40.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wattanagoon Y, Srivilairit S, Looareesuwan S, White NJ. Convulsions in childhood malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994;88:426–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Birbeck GL, Beare N, Lewallen S, Glover SJ, Molyneux ME, Kaplan PW, et al. Identification of malaria retinopathy improves the specificity of the clinical diagnosis of cerebral malaria: findings from a prospective cohort study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;82:231–4.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bangirana P, Opoka RO, Boivin MJ, Idro R, Hodges JS, Romero RA, et al. Severe malarial anemia is associated with long-term neurocognitive impairment. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59:336–44.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Herdman MT, Sriboonvorakul N, Leopold SJ, Douthwaite S, Mohanty S, Hassan MM, et al. The role of previously unmeasured organic acids in the pathogenesis of severe malaria. Crit Care. 2015;19: e317.
Article
Google Scholar
White NJ, Warrell DA, Chanthavanich P, Looareesuwan S, Warrell MJ, Krishna S, et al. Severe hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med. 1983;309:61–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
White NJ, Miller KD, Marsh K, Berry CD, Turner RC, Williamson DH, et al. Hypoglycaemia in African children with severe malaria. Lancet. 1987;11:708–11.
Article
Google Scholar
Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wirima JJ, Fletcher KA, Morris K. Blood glucose levels in Malawian children before and during the administration of intravenous quinine for severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:1040–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Leopold SJ, Ghose A, Allman EL, Kingston HWF, Hossain A, Dutta AK, et al. Identifying the Components of Acidosis in Patients With Severe Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Using Metabolomics. J Infect Dis. 2019;219:1766–76.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Plewes K, Turner GDH, Dondorp AM. Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of coma and acute kidney injury complicating falciparum malaria. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2018;31:69–77.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Phu NH, Hien TT, Mai NT, Chau TT, Chuong LV, Loc PP, et al. Hemofiltration and peritoneal dialysis in infection-associated acute renal failure in Vietnam. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:895–902.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
White NJ. Anaemia and malaria. Malar J. 2018;17: e371.
Article
Google Scholar
Uyoga S, George EC, Bates I, Olupot-Olupot P, Chimalizeni Y, Molyneux EM, et al. Point-of-care haemoglobin testing in African hospitals: a neglected essential diagnostic test. Br J Haematol. 2021;193:894–901.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Maitland K, Kiguli S, Olupot-Olupot P, Engoru C, Mallewa M, Saramago Goncalves P, et al. Immediate Transfusion in African Children with Uncomplicated Severe Anemia. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:407–19.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Maitland K, Olupot-Olupot P, Kiguli S, Chagaluka G, Alaroker F, Opoka RO, et al. Transfusion volume for children with severe anemia in Africa. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:420–31.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
George EC, Uyoga S, M'baya B, Kyeyune Byabazair D, Kiguli S, Olupot-Olupot P et al. Whole blood versus red cell concentrates for children with severe anaemia: a secondary analysis of the transfusion and treatment of African children (TRACT) trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2022;10:e360-e368
Maitland K, Kiguli S, Olupot-Olupot P, Opoka RO, Chimalizeni Y, Alaroker F, et al. Transfusion management of severe anaemia in African children: a consensus algorithm. Br J Haematol. 2021;193:1247–59.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Paton RS, Kamau A, Akech S, Agweyu A, Ogero M, Mwandawiro C, et al. Malaria infection and severe disease risks in Africa. Science. 2021;373:926–31.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tran TH, Day NP, Ly VC, Nguyen TH, Pham PL, Nguyen HP, et al. Blackwater fever in southern Vietnam: a prospective descriptive study of 50 cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;23:1274–81.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bodi JM, Nsibu CN, Longenge RL, Aloni MN, Akilimali PZ, Tshibassu PM, et al. Blackwater fever in Congolese children: a report of clinical, laboratory features and risk factors. Malar J. 2013;12:205.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Olupot-Olupot P, Engoru C, Uyoga S, Muhindo R, Macharia A, Kiguli S, et al. High frequency of blackwater fever among children presenting to hospital with severe febrile illnesses in Eastern Uganda. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64:939–46.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Opoka RO, Waiswa A, Harriet N, John CC, Tumwine JK, Karamagi C. Blackwater fever in Ugandan children with severe anemia is associated with poor post-discharge outcomes: a prospective cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;70:2247–54.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Conroy AL, Hawkes MT, Leligdowicz A, Mufumba I, Starr MC, Zhong K, et al. Blackwater fever and acute kidney injury in children hospitalized with an acute febrile illness: pathophysiology and prognostic significance. BMC Med. 2022;20:221.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kamau A, Paton RS, Akech S, Mpimbaza A, Khazenzi C, Ogero M, et al. Malaria hospitalisation in East Africa: age, phenotype and transmission intensity. BMC Med. 2022;20: e28.
Article
Google Scholar
Muriuki JM, Mentzer AJ, Mitchell R, Webb EL, Etyang AO, Kyobutungi C, et al. Malaria is a cause of iron deficiency in African children. Nat Med. 2021;27:653–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Calis JC, Phiri KS, Faragher EB, Brabin BJ, Bates I, Cuevas LE, et al. Severe anemia in Malawian children. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:888–99.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pukrittayakamee S, Looareesuwan S, Keeratithakul D, Davis TM, Teja-Isavadharm P, Nagachinta B, et al. A study of the factors affecting the metabolic clearance of quinine in malaria. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1997;52:487–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hanson J, Phu NH, Hasan MU, Charunwatthana P, Plewes K, Maude RJ, et al. The clinical implications of thrombocytopenia in adults with severe falciparum malaria: a retrospective analysis. BMC Med. 2015;13:97.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Leopold SJ, Watson JA, Jeeyapant A, Simpson JA, Phu NH, Hien TT, et al. Investigating causal pathways in severe falciparum malaria: A pooled retrospective analysis of clinical studies. PLoS Med. 2019;16: e1002858.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Church J, Maitland K. Invasive bacterial co-infection in African children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a systematic review. BMC Med. 2014;12:31.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Phu NH, Day NPJ, Tuan PQ, Mai NTH, Chau TTH, Chuong LV, et al. Concomitant bacteremia in adults with severe falciparum malaria. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:e465–70.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
White NJ, Watson JA, Uyoga S, Williams TN, Maitland KM. Substantial misdiagnosis of severe malaria in African children. Lancet. 2022;400:807.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aung NM, Nyein PP, Kyi MM, Hanson J. Bacterial coinfection in adults with severe malaria. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72:535–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
White NJ.Reply to Aung, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72:536–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Hanson J, Lam SW, Mahanta KC, Pattnaik R, Alam S, Mohanty S, et al. Relative contributions of macrovascular and microvascular dysfunction to disease severity in falciparum malaria. J Infect Dis. 2012;206:571–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ishioka H, Ghose A, Charunwatthana P, Maude R, Plewes K, Kingston H, et al. Sequestration and red cell deformability as determinants of hyperlactatemia in falciparum Malaria. J Infect Dis. 2016;213:788–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Plewes K, Kingston HWF, Ghose A, Maude RJ, Herdman MT, Leopold SJ, et al. Cell-free hemoglobin mediated oxidative stress is associated with acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapy in severe falciparum malaria: an observational study. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17:313.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kingston HWF, Ghose A, Rungpradubvong V, Satitthummanid S, Herdman MT, Plewes K, et al. Cell-free hemoglobin is associated with increased vascular resistance and reduced peripheral perfusion in severe malaria. J Infect Dis. 2020;221:127–37.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Silamut K, Phu NH, Whitty C, Turner GD, Louwrier K, Mai NT, et al. A quantitative analysis of the microvascular sequestration of malaria parasite in the human brain. Am J Pathol. 1999;155:395–410.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Seydel KB, Kampondeni SD, Valim C, Potchen MJ, Milner DA, Muwalo FW, et al. Brain swelling and death in children with cerebral malaria. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1126–37.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Moghaddam SM, Birbeck GL, Taylor TE, Seydel KB, Kampondeni SD, Potchen MJ. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in a prospective cohort of children with cerebral malaria offers insights into pathophysiology and prognosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2019;40:1575–80.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kampondeni S, Seydel KB, Zhang B, Small DS, Birbeck GL, Hammond CA, et al. Amount of brain edema correlates with neurologic recovery in pediatric cerebral malaria. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39:277–82.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Anstey NM, Grigg MJ, Rajahram GS, Cooper DJ, William T, Kho S, et al. Knowlesi malaria: Human risk factors, clinical spectrum, and pathophysiology. Adv Parasitol. 2021;113:1–43.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Silamut K, White NJ. Relation of the stage of parasite development in the peripheral blood to prognosis in severe falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1993;87:436–43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Phu NH, Day NPJ, Diep TS, Ferguson DJP, White NJ. Intraleukocytic malaria pigment and prognosis in severe malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1995;89:197–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Srinamon K, Watson JA, Silamut K, Intharabut B, Phu NH, Diep PT, et al. The prognostic and diagnostic value of intraleukocytic malaria pigment: an individual patient data pooled meta-analysis of 32,000 patients with severe falciparum malaria in Africa and Asia. Nat Comm, in press.
Poti KE, Sullivan DJ, Dondorp AM, Woodrow CJ. HRP2: transforming malaria diagnosis, but with caveats. Trends Parasitol. 2020;36:112–26.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mayxay M, Pukritrayakamee S, Chotivanich K, Imwong M, Looareesuwan S, White NJ. Identification of cryptic coinfection with Plasmodium falciparum in patients presenting with vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001;65:588–92.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reyburn H, Mbatia R, Drakeley C, Carneiro I, Mwakasungula E, Mwerinde O, et al. Overdiagnosis of malaria in patients with severe febrile illness in Tanzania: a prospective study. BMJ. 2004;329:1212.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Beare NA, Taylor TE, Harding SP, Lewallen S, Molyneux ME. Malarial retinopathy: a newly established diagnostic sign in severe malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;75:790–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maude RJ, Beare NA, Abu Sayeed A, Chang CC, Charunwatthana P, Faiz MA, et al. The spectrum of retinopathy in adults with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009;103:665–71.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Seydel KB, Fox LL, Glover SJ, Reeves MJ, Pensulo P, Muiruri A, et al. Plasma concentrations of parasite histidine-rich protein 2 distinguish between retinopathy-positive and retinopathy-negative cerebral malaria in Malawian children. J Infect Dis. 2012;206:309–18.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Barrera V, MacCormick IJC, Czanner G, Hiscott PS, White VA, Craig AG, et al. Neurovascular sequestration in paediatric P. falciparum malaria is visible clinically in the retina. Elife. 2018;7:e32208.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dondorp AM, Ince C, Charunwatthana P, Hanson J, van Kuijen A, Faiz MA, et al. Direct in vivo assessment of microcirculatory dysfunction in severe falciparum malaria. J Infect Dis. 2008;197:79–84.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Raja RN. Post-mortem examination in cerebral malaria: a new simple method of demonstrating parasites in the capillaries of the brain. Ind Med Gaz. 1922;57:298–9.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Milner DA Jr, Valim C, Luo R, Playforth KB, Kamiza S, Molyneux ME, et al. Supraorbital postmortem brain sampling for definitive quantitative confirmation of cerebral sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum parasites. J Infect Dis. 2012;205:1601–6.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gomes MF, Faiz MA, Gyapong JO, Warsame M, Agbenyega T, Babiker A, et al. Pre-referral rectal artesunate to prevent death and disability in severe malaria: a placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;373:557–66.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
WHO. The use of rectal artesunate as a pre- referral treatment for severe P. falciparum malaria. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2022.
Brunner NC, Omoluabi E, Awor P, Okitawutshu J, Tshefu Kitoto A, Signorell A, et al. Prereferral rectal artesunate and referral completion among children with suspected severe malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nigeria and Uganda BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7: e008346.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Watson JA, Warsame M, Peto TJ, Onyamboko M, Fanello C, Dondorp AM, et al. Stopping prereferral rectal artesunate - a grave error. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7: e010006.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mabey DC, Brown A, Greenwood BM. Plasmodium falciparum malaria and Salmonella infections in Gambian children. J Infect Dis. 1987;155:1319–21.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Berkley J, Mwarumba S, Bramham K, Lowe B, Marsh K. Bacteraemia complicating severe malaria in children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1999;93:283–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Scott JA, Berkley JA, Mwangi I, Ochola L, Uyoga S, Ndila C, et al. Relation between falciparum malaria and bacteraemia in Kenyan children: a population-based, case-control study and a longitudinal study. Lancet. 2011;378:1316–23.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nichols C, Cruz Espinoza LM, von Kalckreuth V, Aaby P, Tayeb M, Ali M, et al. Bloodstream infections and frequency of pretreatment associated with age and hospitalization status in sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(4):S372–9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Park SE, Pak GD, Aaby P, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Ali M, Aseffa A, et al. The relationship between invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease, other bacterial bloodstream infections, and malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(1):S23-31.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bruneel F, Tubach F, Mira JP, Houze S, Gibot S, Huisse MG, et al. Imported falciparum malaria in adults: host- and parasite-related factors associated with severity. The French prospective multicenter PALUREA cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42:1588–96.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Watson JA, Ndila CM, Uyoga S, Macharia A, Nyutu G, Mohammed S, et al. Improving statistical power in severe malaria genetic association studies by augmenting phenotypic precision. Elife. 2021;10: e69698.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Watson JA, Uyoga S, Wanjiku P, Makale J, Nyutu GM, Mturi N, et al. Improving the diagnosis of severe malaria in African children using platelet counts and plasma PfHRP2 concentrations. Sci Transl Med. 2022;14:5040.
Article
Google Scholar
Hendriksen IC, Mwanga-Amumpaire J, von Seidlein L, Mtove G, White LJ, Olaosebikan R, et al. Diagnosing severe falciparum malaria in parasitaemic African children: a prospective evaluation of plasma PfHRP2 measurement. PLoS Med. 2012;9: e1001297.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hendriksen IC, White LJ, Veenemans J, Mtove G, Woodrow C, Amos B, et al. Defining falciparum-malaria-attributable severe febrile illness in moderate-to-high transmission settings on the basis of plasma PfHRP2 concentration. J Infect Dis. 2013;207:351–61.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Taylor TE, Fu WJ, Carr RA, Whitten RO, Mueller JS, Fosiko NG, et al. Differentiating the pathologies of cerebral malaria by postmortem parasite counts. Nat Med. 2004;10:143–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
White NJ, Day NPJ, Ashley EA, Smithuis FM, Nosten FH. Have we really failed to roll back malaria? Lancet. 2022;399:799–800.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
John CC, Bangirana P, Byarugaba J, Opoka RO, Idro R, Jurek AM, et al. Cerebral malaria in children is associated with long-term cognitive impairment. Pediatrics. 2008;122:e92–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brewster DR, Kwiatkowski D, White NJ. Neurological sequelae of cerebral malaria in children. Lancet. 1990;336:1039–43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Idro R, Kakooza-Mwesige A, Asea B, Ssebyala K, Bangirana P, Opoka RO, et al. Cerebral malaria is associated with long-term mental health disorders: a cross sectional survey of a long-term cohort. Malar J. 2016;15:184.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Brim R, Mboma S, Semrud-Clikeman M, Kampondeni S, Magen J, Taylor T, et al. Cognitive Outcomes and Psychiatric Symptoms of Retinopathy-Positive Cerebral Malaria: Cohort Description and Baseline Results. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;97:225–31.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Boivin MJ, Mohanty A, Sikorskii A, Vokhiwa M, Magen JG, Gladstone M. Early and middle childhood developmental, cognitive, and psychiatric outcomes of Malawian children affected by retinopathy positive cerebral malaria. Child Neuropsychol. 2019;25:81–102.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dondorp AM, Hoang MNT, Mer M, Dünser MW, Mohanty S, Nakibuuka J, Management of severe malaria and severe dengue in resource-limited settings., et al. 9. In: Dondorp AM, Dünser MW, Schultz MJ, editors., et al., Sepsis Management in Resource-limited Settings [Internet]. Cham (CH): Springer; 2019. p. 2019.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Maitland K, Kiguli S, Opoka RO, Engoru C, Olupot-Olupot P, Akech SO, et al. Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2483–95.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Namutangula B, Ndeezi G, Byarugaba JS, Tumwine JK. Mannitol as adjunct therapy for childhood cerebral malaria in Uganda: a randomized clinical trial. Malar J. 2007;6:138.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mohanty S, Mishra SK, Patnaik R, Dutt AK, Pradhan S, Das B, et al. Brain swelling and mannitol therapy in adult cerebral malaria: a randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53:349–55.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ishioka H, Plewes K, Pattnaik R, Kingston HWF, Leopold SJ, Herdman MT, et al. Associations Between Restrictive Fluid Management and Renal Function and Tissue Perfusion in Adults With Severe Falciparum Malaria: A Prospective Observational Study. J Infect Dis. 2020;221:285–92.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Birbeck GL, Herman ST, Capparelli EV, Dzinjalamala FK, Abdel Baki SG, Mallewa M, et al. A clinical trial of enteral Levetiracetam for acute seizures in pediatric cerebral malaria. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19:399.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gwer SA, Idro RI, Fegan G, Chengo EM, Mpoya A, Kivaya E, et al. Fosphenytoin for seizure prevention in childhood coma in Africa: a randomized clinical trial. J Crit Care. 2013;28:1086–92.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Imwong M, Woodrow CJ, Hendriksen IC, Veenemans J, Verhoef H, Faiz MA, et al. Plasma concentration of parasite DNA as a measure of disease severity in falciparum malaria. J Infect Dis. 2015;211:1128–33.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sinha I, Ekapirat N, Dondorp AM, Woodrow CJ. Use of a rapid test to assess plasma Plasmodium falciparum HRP2 and guide management of severe febrile illness. Malar J. 2015;14:362.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rajahram GS, Cooper DJ, William T, Grigg MJ, Anstey NM, Barber BE. Deaths from Plasmodium knowlesi malaria: case series and systematic review. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69:1703–11.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Barber BE, Grigg MJ, Cooper DJ, van Schalkwyk DA, William T, Rajahram GS, et al. Clinical management of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. Adv Parasitol. 2021;113:45–76.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rahimi BA, Thakkinstian A, White NJ, Sirivichayakul C, Dondorp AM, Chokejindachai W. Severe vivax malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies since 1900. Malar J. 2014;13:481.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kojom Foko LP, Arya A, Sharma A, Singh V. Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of severe Plasmodium vivax malaria in India. J Infect. 2021;82:231–46.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Phyo AP, Dahal P, Mayxay M, Ashley EA. Clinical impact of vivax malaria: a collection review. PLoS Med. 2022;19: e1003890.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Anstey NM, Douglas NM, Poespoprodjo JR, Price RN. Plasmodium vivax: clinical spectrum, risk factors and pathogenesis. Adv Parasitol. 2012;80:151–201.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lacerda MV, Fragoso SC, Alecrim MG, Alexandre MA, Magalhães BM, Siqueira AM, et al. Postmortem characterization of patients with clinical diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax malaria: to what extent does this parasite kill? Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55:e67-74.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Naing C, Whittaker MA, Nyunt Wai V, Mak JW. Is Plasmodium vivax malaria a severe malaria?: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8: e3071.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Douglas NM, Pontororing GJ, Lampah DA, Yeo TW, Kenangalem E, Poespoprodjo JR, et al. Mortality attributable to Plasmodium vivax malaria: a clinical audit from Papua. Indonesia BMC Med. 2014;12:217.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Patriani D, Arguni E, Kenangalem E, Dini S, Sugiarto P, Hasanuddin A, et al. Early and late mortality after malaria in young children in Papua. Indonesia BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19:922.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dini S, Douglas NM, Poespoprodjo JR, Kenangalem E, Sugiarto P, Plumb ID, et al. The risk of morbidity and mortality following recurrent malaria in Papua, Indonesia: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Med. 2020;18:28.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar