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  1. Malaria eradication raises many economic, financial and institutional challenges. This paper reviews these challenges, drawing on evidence from previous efforts to eradicate malaria, with a special focus on re...

    Authors: Anne Mills, Yoel Lubell and Kara Hanson
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7(Suppl 1):S11

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 1

  2. Research on malaria vaccines is currently directed primarily towards the development of vaccines that prevent clinical malaria. Malaria elimination, now being considered seriously in some epidemiological situa...

    Authors: Geoffrey A Targett and Brian M Greenwood
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7(Suppl 1):S10

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 1

  3. More attention is being focused on malaria today than any time since the world's last efforts to achieve eradication over 40 years ago. The global community is now discussing strategies aimed at dramatically r...

    Authors: Mary R Galinski and John W Barnwell
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7(Suppl 1):S9

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 1

  4. Following a long period when the effectiveness of existing mono-therapies for antimalarials was steadily declining with no clear alternative, most malaria-endemic countries in Africa and Asia have adopted arte...

    Authors: Christopher JM Whitty, Clare Chandler, Evelyn Ansah, Toby Leslie and Sarah G Staedke
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7(Suppl 1):S7

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 1

  5. Monitoring and evaluation of malaria control in pregnancy is essential for assessing the efficacy and effectiveness of health interventions aimed at reducing the major burden of this disease on women living in...

    Authors: Bernard J Brabin, Marian Warsame, Ulrika Uddenfeldt-Wort, Stephanie Dellicour, Jenny Hill and Sabine Gies
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7(Suppl 1):S6

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 1

  6. Integrated vector management (IVM) is defined as "a rational decision-making process for the optimal use of resources for vector control" and includes five key elements: 1) evidence-based decision-making, 2) i...

    Authors: John C Beier, Joseph Keating, John I Githure, Michael B Macdonald, Daniel E Impoinvil and Robert J Novak
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7(Suppl 1):S4

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 1

  7. Speculations on the potential impact of climate change on human health frequently focus on malaria. Predictions are common that in the coming decades, tens – even hundreds – of millions more cases will occur i...

    Authors: Paul Reiter
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7(Suppl 1):S3

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 1

  8. Host adhesion molecules play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and changes in their structure or levels in individuals can influence the outcome of infection. The aim of this...

    Authors: Swapnil Sinha, Tabish Qidwai, Kanika Kanchan, Prerna Anand, Ganga N Jha, Sudhanshu S Pati, Sanjib Mohanty, Saroj K Mishra, Prajesh K Tyagi, Surya K Sharma, Vimala Venkatesh and Saman Habib
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:250
  9. The aim of this study was to identify and compare factors associated with Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage in three regions of differing malaria endemicity.

    Authors: Kasia Stepniewska, Ric N Price, Colin J Sutherland, Chris J Drakeley, Lorenz von Seidlein, Francois Nosten and Nicholas J White
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:249
  10. Malaria parasite infectivity to mosquitoes has been measured in a variety of ways and setting, includind direct feeds of and/or membrane feeding blood collected from randomly selected or gametocytemic voluntee...

    Authors: Mouctar Diallo, Abdoulaye M Touré, Sekou F Traoré, Oumou Niaré, Lalla Kassambara, Awa Konaré, Mamadou Coulibaly, Magaran Bagayogo, John C Beier, Richard K Sakai, Yéya T Touré and Ogobara K Doumbo
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:248
  11. Insecticide resistance can present a major obstacle to malaria control programmes. Following the recent detection of DDT resistance in Anopheles arabiensis in Gokwe, Zimbabwe, the underlying resistance mechanisms...

    Authors: Givemore Munhenga, Hieronymo T Masendu, Basil D Brooke, Richard H Hunt and Lizette K Koekemoer
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:247
  12. The six-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is now considered the gold standard for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. There are few reports evaluating co-artemether in very yo...

    Authors: Catherine O Falade, Oluwatoyin O Ogunkunle, Hannah O Dada-Adegbola, Adegoke G Falade, Patricia Ibarra de Palacios, Philip Hunt, Mailis Virtanen, Ayoade M Oduola and Lateef A Salako
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:246
  13. A fixed-dose combination of artemether-lumefantrine (AL, Coartem®) has shown high efficacy, good tolerability and cost-effectiveness in adults and children with uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falcipar...

    Authors: Zulfiqarali G Premji, Salim Abdulla, Bernhards Ogutu, Alice Ndong, Catherine O Falade, Issaka Sagara, Nathan Mulure, Obiyo Nwaiwu and Gilbert Kokwaro
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:244
  14. Hypoglycaemia is a poor prognostic indicator in severe malaria. Intravenous infusions are rarely feasible in rural areas. The efficacy of sublingual sugar (SLS) was assessed in a pilot randomized controlled tr...

    Authors: Bertrand Graz, Moussa Dicko, Merlin L Willcox, Bernard Lambert, Jacques Falquet, Mathieu Forster, Sergio Giani, Chiaka Diakite, Eugène M Dembele, Drissa Diallo and Hubert Barennes
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:242
  15. Fixed-dose combination antimalarial drugs have played an increasingly important role in the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of falciparum malaria since the worldwide failure of monotherapy with chloroquine. Ato...

    Authors: Colin J Sutherland, Matt Laundy, Nicholas Price, Martina Burke, Quinton L Fivelman, Geoffrey Pasvol, John L Klein and Peter L Chiodini
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:240
  16. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) may assist in diagnosis, improve prescribing practices and reduce potential drug resistance development. Without understanding operational issues or acceptance and usage b...

    Authors: Holly Ann Williams, Louise Causer, Emmy Metta, Aggrey Malila, Terrence O'Reilly, Salim Abdulla, S Patrick Kachur and Peter B Bloland
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:239
  17. The effects of Plasmodium falciparum on B-cell homeostasis have not been well characterized. This study investigated whether an episode of acute malaria in young children results in changes in the peripheral B ce...

    Authors: Amolo S Asito, Ann M Moormann, Chelimo Kiprotich, Zipporah W Ng'ang'a, Robert Ploutz-Snyder and Rosemary Rochford
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:238
  18. Many countries have implemented artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for the first-line treatment of malaria. Although many studies have been performed on efficacy and tolerability of the combination ar...

    Authors: Petra F Mens, Patrick Sawa, Sandra M van Amsterdam, Inge Versteeg, Sabah A Omar, Henk DFH Schallig and Piet A Kager
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:237
  19. Malaria is the infectious disease causing the highest morbidity and mortality in Angola and due to widespread chloroquine (CQ) resistance, the country has recently changed its first-line treatment recommendati...

    Authors: Paula Figueiredo, Carla Benchimol, Dinora Lopes, Luís Bernardino, Virgílio E do Rosário, Luís Varandas and Fátima Nogueira
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:236
  20. Two thirds of all falciparum malaria cases reported in the United Kingdom (UK) are acquired in West Africa (WA). To ensure recommendations and guidelines for malaria prophylaxis in travellers to West Africa co...

    Authors: Ron H Behrens, Bernadette Carroll, Valerie Smith and Neal Alexander
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:235
  21. Intermittent preventive treatment with s ulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is recommended for reducing the risk of malaria in pregnancy and its consequences on mothers and babies (IPTp-SP). Indicators of implementat...

    Authors: Piero L Olliaro, Henriette Delenne, Moustafa Cisse, Malick Badiane, Alberto Olliaro, Michel Vaillant and Philippe Brasseur
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:234
  22. The use of artemisinin derivatives has increased exponentially with the deployment of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) in all malarious areas. They are highly effective and are considered safe, but in ani...

    Authors: Verena I Carrara, Aung P Phyo, Paw Nwee, Ma Soe, Hsar Htoo, Jaruwan Arunkamomkiri, Pratap Singhasivanon and François Nosten
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:233
  23. Adequate malaria diagnosis and treatment remain major difficulties in rural sub-Saharan Africa. These issues deserve renewed attention in the light of first-line treatment with expensive artemisinin-combinatio...

    Authors: Charles Mwanziva, Seif Shekalaghe, Arnold Ndaro, Bianca Mengerink, Simon Megiroo, Frank Mosha, Robert Sauerwein, Chris Drakeley, Roly Gosling and Teun Bousema
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:232
  24. Malaria epidemics remain a significant public health issue in the East African highlands. The aim of this study was to monitor temporal variations in vector densities in relation to changes in meteorological f...

    Authors: Mojca Kristan, Tarekegn A Abeku, James Beard, Michael Okia, Beth Rapuoda, James Sang and Jonathan Cox
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:231
  25. Evaluation of mosquito responses towards different trap-bait combinations in field trials is a time-consuming process that can be shortened by experiments in contained semi-field systems. Possible use of the B...

    Authors: Wolfgang H Schmied, Willem Takken, Gerry F Killeen, Bart GJ Knols and Renate C Smallegange
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:230
  26. Most malaria-endemic countries are implementing a change in anti-malarial drug policy to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). The impact of different drug choices and implementation strategies is uncer...

    Authors: Wirichada Pongtavornpinyo, Shunmay Yeung, Ian M Hastings, Arjen M Dondorp, Nicholas PJ Day and Nicholas J White
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:229
  27. The objective was to study the seasonal effect on the spatial distribution of the incidence of malaria in children under 10 years old living in the Manhiça district, Mozambique.

    Authors: Rosa Abellana, Carlos Ascaso, John Aponte, Francisco Saute, Delino Nhalungo, Ariel Nhacolo and Pedro Alonso
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:228
  28. The aim of this study was to analyse willingness to pay (WTP) and ability to pay (ATP) for ACT for children below five years of age in a rural setting in Tanzania before the introduction of artemisinin-based c...

    Authors: Eleonor C Saulo, Birger C Forsberg, Zul Premji, Scott M Montgomery and Anders Björkman
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:227
  29. Anopheles funestus is a major malaria vector in southern Africa. Vector control relies on the use of insecticide chemicals to significantly reduce the number of malaria vectors by targeting that portion of the fe...

    Authors: Belinda L Spillings, Maureen Coetzee, Lizette L Koekemoer and Basil D Brooke
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:226
  30. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of fosmidomycin when given in combination with clindamycin at two dosage regimens in patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria.

    Authors: Ronnatrai Ruangweerayut, Sornchai Looareesuwan, David Hutchinson, Anurak Chauemung, Vick Banmairuroi and Kesara Na-Bangchang
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:225
  31. A sound local understanding of preventive measures and health-seeking behaviour is important for the effective control of malaria. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices an...

    Authors: Clémence Essé, Jürg Utzinger, Andres B Tschannen, Giovanna Raso, Constanze Pfeiffer, Stefanie Granado, Benjamin G Koudou, Eliézer K N'Goran, Guéladio Cissé, Olivier Girardin, Marcel Tanner and Brigit Obrist
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:224
  32. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping provides the means to develop a practical, rapid, inexpensive assay that will uniquely identify any Plasmodium falciparum parasite using a small amount of DNA. Such...

    Authors: Rachel Daniels, Sarah K Volkman, Danny A Milner, Nira Mahesh, Daniel E Neafsey, Daniel J Park, David Rosen, Elaine Angelino, Pardis C Sabeti, Dyann F Wirth and Roger C Wiegand
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:223
  33. Cloning of parasites by limiting dilution is an essential and rate-limiting step in many aspects of malaria research including genomic and genetic manipulation studies. The standard Giemsa-stained blood smears...

    Authors: Steven P Maher, Bharath Balu, Doug A Shoue, Matthew E Weissenbach and John H Adams
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:222
  34. Parasite-based diagnosis of malaria by microscopy requires laboratory skills that are generally unavailable at peripheral health facilities. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) require less expertise, but accuracy u...

    Authors: Daniel J Kyabayinze, James K Tibenderana, George W Odong, John B Rwakimari and Helen Counihan
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:221
  35. Plasmodium vivax accounts for about 40% of all malaria infection in Ethiopia. Chloroquine (CQ) is the first line treatment for confirmed P. vivax malaria in the country. The first report of CQ treatment failure i...

    Authors: Hiwot Teka, Beyene Petros, Lawrence Yamuah, Gezahegn Tesfaye, Ibrahim Elhassan, Simon Muchohi, Gilbert Kokwaro, Abraham Aseffa and Howard Engers
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:220
  36. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are becoming increasingly indispensable in malaria management, as a means of increasing the accuracy of diagnosis. The WHO has issued recommendations, but the selection of the mos...

    Authors: Natacha Mariette, Céline Barnadas, Christiane Bouchier, Magali Tichit and Didier Ménard
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:219
  37. The efficient allocation of financial resources for malaria control and the optimal distribution of appropriate interventions require accurate information on the geographic distribution of malaria risk and of ...

    Authors: Andrew J Tatem, Carlos A Guerra, Caroline W Kabaria, Abdisalan M Noor and Simon I Hay
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:218
  38. Reported malaria cases in rice growing areas in western Tajikistan were at the root of a rapid appraisal of the local malaria situation in a selected agro-ecological setting where only scarce information was a...

    Authors: Barbara Matthys, Tohir Sherkanov, Saifudin S Karimov, Zamonidin Khabirov, Till Mostowlansky, Jürg Utzinger and Kaspar Wyss
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:217
  39. Across tropical Africa the bulk of malaria-related morbidity and mortality is particularly high during childhood. Classical malariometric surveys have relied on assessing malaria infection prevalence. The last...

    Authors: Samuel Mabunda, Sónia Casimiro, Llorenç Quinto and Pedro Alonso
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:216
  40. In Thailand, South Africa and Zanzibar, a decrease in malaria morbidity was observed following the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). In Senegal, therapeutic trials supervised the in ...

    Authors: Sophie Sarrassat, Paul Senghor and Jean Yves Le Hesran
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:215
  41. Intra-specific variation in sperm length influences male reproductive success in several species of insects. In males of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, sperm length is highly variable but the significance ...

    Authors: Maarten J Voordouw, Jacob C Koella and Hilary Hurd
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:214
  42. Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in infants (IPTi) reduces the incidence of clinical malaria. However, before making decisions about implementation, it is essential to ensure that IPTi is acceptabl...

    Authors: Robert Pool, Adiel Mushi, Joanna Armstrong Schellenberg, Mwifadhi Mrisho, Pedro Alonso, Catherine Montgomery, Marcel Tanner, Hassan Mshinda and David Schellenberg
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:213
  43. There have been many reports on the population genetic structures of Plasmodium falciparum from different endemic regions, but few studies have examined the characteristics of isolates from patients with differen...

    Authors: Pannapa Susomboon, Moritoshi Iwagami, Noppadon Tangpukdee, Srivicha Krusood, Sornchai Looareesuwan and Shigeyuki Kano
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:212
  44. In order to establish a successful infection in the human host, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum must establish interactions with a variety of human proteins on the surface of different cell types, as w...

    Authors: Marissa Vignali, Anastasia McKinlay, Douglas J LaCount, Rakesh Chettier, Russell Bell, Sudhir Sahasrabudhe, Robert E Hughes and Stanley Fields
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:211
  45. Haematological changes associated with malaria in pregnancy are not well documented, and have focused predominantly on anaemia. Examined here is thrombocytopaenia in pregnant women infected with Plasmodium falcip...

    Authors: Saw Oo Tan, Rose McGready, Julien Zwang, Mupawjay Pimanpanarak, Kanlaya Sriprawat, Kyaw Lai Thwai, Yoe Moo, Elizabeth A Ashley, Bridget Edwards, Pratap Singhasivanon, Nicholas J White and François Nosten
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:209
  46. Certain distinctive components of the severe systemic inflammatory syndrome are now well-recognized to be common to malaria, sepsis, viral infections, and post-trauma illness. While their connection with cytok...

    Authors: Ian A Clark, Alison C Budd and Lisa M Alleva
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2008 7:208

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